LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 3 : 4 April 2003

Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Associate Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.

COMPUTATIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF TAMIL VERBAL COMPLEX

S. Rajendran, Ph.D., S.Viswanathan, & Ramesh Kumar

2. 7. TAM CHART

(The TAM chart is divided into two parts to adjust with the space.)

Table 1: The vebal bases occurring at the first level and the suffixes occurring at the second level

Class	Stem alternants	Past tense suffix	Present tense suffix after verb base)	Future tense suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	negative suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Infinitive suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Adverbial suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Nominizer 1 (occurring immediately after the verb)	Nominizer 2 (occurring immediately after the verb)	Nominizer 1 (occurring immediately after the verb)
*class 1 cey* class**	cey ~ ceyy	t	kiR ~ kinR	v ~ um	aa~aat	a	tu ~t	tal	al	kai
*class 2 azu* class**	azu ~ az	t	kiR ~ kinR	v ~ um	aa~aat	a	tu~t	tal	al	kai
*class 3 caa* class**	caa ~ ce	t	kiR ~ kinR	v ~ kum	kaa~kaat	ka	ttu~tt	tal	kal	kai
class 4 *viTu* class	viTu ~ viT	T	kiR ~ kinR	v ~ um	aa~aat	a	Tu~T	tal	al	kai
*class 5 peRu-class*	peRu~ peR	R	kiR ~ kinR	v ~ um	aa~aat	a	Ru~R	tal	al	kai
class 6 **pukaz-class**	pukaz	ndt	kiR ~ kinR	v ~ um	aa~aat	a	ndtu~ ndt	tal	al	kai
class 7 **vizu-class,**	vizu~ viz	ndt	kiR ~ kinR	v ~ um	aa~aat	a	ndtu~ ndt	tal	al	kai
class 8 **aRi-class**	aRi~ aRiy	ndt	kiR ~ kinR	v~um	aa~aat	a	ndtu~ ndt	tal	al	kai
class 9 **ndoo-class**	ndoo~ ndo~	ndt	kiR ~ kinR	v~kum	kaa~kaat	ka	ndtu~ ndt	tal	kal	kai
class 10 **vee-class**	vee~ ve~	ndt	kiR ~ kinR	v~kum	kaa~kaat	ka	ndtu~ ndt	tal	kal	kai
class 11 **vaa-class,**	vaa~ va~ varu~ var	ndt	kiR ~ kinR	v~um	aa~aat	a	ndtu~ ndt	tal	al	kai
class 12 **akal-class**	akal~ aka	nR	kiR ~ kinR	v~um	aa~aat	a	nRu~ nR	tal	al	kai
class 13 **kol-class**	kol ~ko ~ koll	nR	kiR ~ kinR	v~um	aa~aat	a	nRu~ nR	tal	al	kai
class 14 **aaL-class**	aaL~aa	NT	kiR ~ kinR	v~um	aa~aat	a	NTu ~NT	tal	al	kai
class 15 **koL-class**	koL~ko~ koLL	NT	kiR ~ kinR	v~um	aa~aat	a	NTu~ NT	tal	al	kai
class 16 **ooTu-class**	ooTu~ ooT	in	kiR ~ kinR	v~um	aa~aat	a	i~iy	tal	al	kai
class 17 **col-class**	col~co~ coll	nn	kiR ~ kinR	v~um	aa~aat	a	i~iy	tal	al	kai
class 18 **poo-class**	poo	n	kiR ~ kinR	v~kum	kaa~kaat	ka	y	tal	kal	kai
class 19 **kal-class**	kal~ kaR	R	kiR ~ kinR	p~kum	kaa~kaat	ka	Ru~R	Ral	kal	kai
class 20 **keeL-class**	keeL~ keeT	T	kiR ~ kinR	p~kum	kaa~kaat	ka	Tu~T	tal	kal	kai
class 21 **puuN-class**	puuN	T	kiR ~ kinR	p~um	aa~aat	a	Tu~T	tal	al	kai
class 22 uN-calss	uN~uNN	T	kiR ~ kinR	p~um	aa~aat	a	Tu~T	tal	al	kai
class 23 **kaaN-class**	kaaN~ kaN	T	kiR ~ kinR	p~um	aa~aat	a	NTu	utal	al	kai
class 24 **tin-class**	tin ~tinn	R	kiR ~ kinR	p~um	aa~aat	a	nRu~ nR	utal	al	kai
class 25 en-class	en	R	kiR ~ kinR	p~um	aa~aat	a	nRu~ nR	utal	al	kai
class 26 **ndil-class**	ndil~ ndi~ ndiR ~ndill	nR	kiR ~ kinR	p~kum	kaa~kaat	ka	nRu	Ral	kal	kai
class 27 **paTi-class**	paTi	tt	kkiR ~ kkinR	pp~ kkum	kkaa~ kkaat	kka	ttu~ tt	ttal	kkal	kkai
class 28 **ndaTa-class**	ndaTa	ndt	kkiR ~ kkinR		kkaa~ kkaaat	kka	ndtu~ ndt	ttal	kkal	kkai

Table 2: The suffixes occurring at the third and fourth level

Verb class	PNG suffix (occurring immediately after tense suffix)	Neuter PNG suffix (occurring immediately after the negative suffix aa)	Adverbial suffix (occurring immediately after negative aa)	*Adjectival suffix (occurring immediately after tense suffix or negative suffix aat)*	Conditional suffix (occurring immediately after past tense suffix)	Nominalizer 4 (occurring immediately after the negative aa)	Gerundival nominalizers occurring after adjectival participle)	Pronominalizers (occurring immediately after the adjectival participle)
*class 1 cey* class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
*class 2 azu* class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
*class 3 caa* class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu
class 4 *viTu* class	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
*class 5 peRu-class*	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a		mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 6 **pukaz-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 7 **vizu-class,**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 8 **aRi-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 9 **ndoo-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
*class 10 vee-class*	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 11 **vaa-class,**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 12 **akal-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 13 **kol-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 14 **aaL-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 15 **koL-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 16 **ooTu-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 17 **col-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 18 **poo-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 19 **kal-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 20 **keeL-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 21 **puuN-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 22 uN-calss	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 23 **kaaN-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 24 **tin-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 25 en-class	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 26 **ndil-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 27 **paTi-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
class 28 **ndaTa-class**	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai

Table 3: The third level auxiliary verbs occurring after infinitive and the suffixes of second occurring at the fourth level

Auxilary verbs occurring after infinitive form	Past tense suffix (occurring immediately after verb stem)	Present tense suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Future tense suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Negative suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Infinitive suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Adverbial suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Nominizer 1 (occurring immediately after the verb)	Nominizer 2 (occurring immediately after the verb)	Nominizer 1 (occurring immediately after the verb)
TTum *	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
muTi~ muTiy	ndt	kiR ~ kinR	um	aa~aat	a	ndtu~ ndt	-	-	-
iyal	-	-	um	aa~aat	a	-	-	-	-
kuuTum*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
kuuT	-	-	um	aa~aat	-	i	-	-	-
paar	tt	kkiR ~ kkinR	pp~ kkum	kkaa~ kkaat	kka	ttu~ tt	ttal	kkal	kkai
iru	ndt	kkiR ~ kkinR	pp ~kkum	aa~aat	kka	ndtu~ndt	ttal	kkal	kkai
poo	n	kiR ~ kinR	v~kum	kaa~kaat	ka	y	tal	kal	kai
varu~var~va~vaa (1)	ntd	kiR ~ kinR	v~um	aa~aat	a	nRu~ nR	tal	al	kai
varu~var~va~vaa (2)	-	kiR~kinR	um	aa~aat	a	ndtu~ ndt	-	-	-
veeNT	-	-	um	-	-	i ~iy	-	-	-
veeNTivaru ~ va	ndt	kiR~kinR	um	aa~aat	a	ndtu ~ndu	tal	al	kai
maaTT	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
illai *	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
cey~ceyy	t	kiR ~ kinR	v ~um	aa~aat	a	tu~t	tal	al	kai
vai	tt	kkiR ~ kinR	pp ~ kkum	kkaa ~ kkaat	a	ttu ~ t	ttal	kkal	kkai
paTu ~ paT	T	kiR ~ kinR	v ~ um	aa ~ aat	a	Tu ~ T	tal	al	kai

Table 4: The third level auxiliary verbs occurring after infinitive and the suffixes of third level occurring at the fifth level and the suffixes of fourth level occurring at the sixth level

Auxilary verbs occurring after infinitive form	PNG suffix (occurring immediately after tense suffix)	Neuter PNG suffix (occurring immediately after the negative suffix aa)	Adverbial suffix (occurring immediately after negative aa)	*Adjectival suffix (occurring immediately after tense suffix or negative suffix aat)*	Conditional suffix (occurring immediately after past tense suffix)	Nominalizer 4 (occurring immediately after the negative aa)	Gerundival nominalizers occurring after adjectival participle)	Pronominalizers (occurring immediately after the adjectival participle)
TTum *	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
muTi~ muTiy	-	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
iyal	-	tu	mal~tu	-	-	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/va
kuuT		tu	-	a	-	-		van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
paar	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
iru	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal		tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
poo	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
varu~var~va~vaa (1)	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu/vai	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
varu~var~va~vaa (2)	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
veeNT-	-	-	-	a	-	-	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
maaTT	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	-	-	-	-	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
illai *	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
cey~ceyy	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
vai	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu

Table 5: The third level auxiliary verbs occurring after adverbial participle and the suffixes of second level occurring at the fourth level.

The auxiliary verbs occurring after adverbial participle	past tense suffix (occurring immediately after verb stem)	present tense suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	future tense suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	negative suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Infinitive suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Adverbial suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Nominizer 1 (occurring immediately after the verb)	Nominizer 2 (occurring immediately after the verb)	Nominizer 3 (occurring immediately after the verb)
aayiRRu *
iru (class	ndt	kkiR~kkinR	pp~kkum	kkaa	a	ndtu ~ndt	ttal	al	kkai
viTu	T	kiR~kinR	v~um	aa	a	Tu~T	tal	al	kai
poo	n	kiR~kinR	v~kuu	kaa	a	y	tal	kal	kai
tiir	tt	kiR~kiR	pp~kkum	aa	ka	ttu~tt	ttal	kkal	kkai
muTi	tt	kkiR	pp~kkum	kkaa	kka	ttu~tt	ttal	kkal	kkai
pooTu	T	kiR	v~um	aa	a	Tu~T	tal	al	kai
koNTiru	ndt	kkiR	pp~kkum	kkaa	kka		tta	kkal	kkai
koL	NT	kiR	v~	aa	a		tal	al	kai
paar	tt	kkiR~kkinR	pp~kum	kkaa	kka	ttu~tt	ttal	kkal	kkai
koTu	tt	kkiR~kinR	pp~kum	kkaa	kka	ttu~tt	ttal	kkal	kkai
tolai	tt	kkiR~kinR	pp~kum	kkaa	kka	ttu~tt	ttal	kkal	kkai
kizi	tt	kkiR~kinR	pp~kum	kkaa	kka	ttu~tt	ttal	kkal	kkai
taLLu	in	kiR~kin	v~um	aa	a	i	tal	al	kai

Table 6: The third level auxiliary verbs occurring after adverbial participle and the suffixes of third level occurring at the fifth level and the suffixes of fourth level occurring at the sixth level

The auxiliary verbs occuring after adverbial participle	PNG suffix (occurring immediately after tense suffix)	Neuter PNG suffix (occurring immediately after the negative suffix aa)	Adverbial suffix (occurring immediately after negative aa)	*Adjectival suffix (occurring immediately after tense suffix or negative suffix aat)*	Conditional suffix (occurring immediately after past tense suffix)	Nominalizer 4 (occurring immediately after the negative aa)	Gerundival nominalizers occurring after adjectival participle)	Pronominalizers (occurring immediately after the adjectival participle)
aayiRRu *	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
iru	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal		tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
viTu	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a		mai	tu
poo	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
tiir	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a		mai	tu/vai	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
muTi	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
pooTu	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
koNTiru	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
koL	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
paar	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
koTu	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
tolai	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
kizi	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai
taLLu	een/oom/aay /iir/iirkaL/aan/ aaL/aar/ atu/ana	tu	mal~tu	a	aal	mai	tu	van/vaL/var/ varkaL/tu/vai

Table 7: The auxiliary verbs occuring after al-nominalized form

Verbs	past tense suffix (occurring immediately after verb stem)	present tense suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	future tense suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	negative suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Infinitive suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Adverbial suffix (occurring immediately after verb base)	Nominizer 1 (occurring immediately after the verb)	Nominizer 3 (occurring immediately after the verb)	Nominizer 3 (occurring immediately after the verb)
aam#
aakum#
aakaatu#

Table 8: The auxiliary verb occuring after atu-nominalized firm

Verbs
uNTu#
illai#
kiTaiyaatu#

The marker # in the above tables denotes that the verbal forms are the finite forms and cannot be inflected further.

The programmes operate on the TAM chart and give the analytical and synthetic output.

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