LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow


Volume 2 : 5 August 2002
Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Associate Editor: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.

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MOTHER TONGUES OF INDIA ACCORDING TO THE 1961 CENSUS

B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.

The Language Tables published by the Census of India 1961 is an important milestone in the study of Indian linguistic demography. The Census of India 1961 identified 1652 "mother tongues." "Mother tongues" thus identified may not have been identical to the languages, dialects, or even speech forms of the individuals. These were the labels used by the individuals to identify their speech, when asked to give the name of the early childhood language used in the household of the individual.
The census enumerators were asked to write down the names given by the individuals without making any correction. These mother tongues were then sought to be "rationalized" and identified with the languages or dialects through a careful analysis of the names. Sometimes the individuals gave the name of their caste as their language, not distinguishing between language and caste. Sometimes they gave the name of a language which they did not speak, but which is supposed to be used by the members of the religious group they belonged to. Sometimes, they gave the names of their profession. The region they came from was also used to indicate their speech.
While such mixing of the names of languages with caste, profession, religion, and region, etc. somewhat led to a confusing picture of the actual languages spoken in the country, the process of rationalization often (not always) resulted in the identification of the language or dialect that the individual actually spoke. "It was a fascinating experience. To identify and rationalize these mother tongues, we had to go through various sorts of flyleaves, and maintain a separate box for each state, etc., and correspond with the Superintendent of Census of Operations of each state, and sometimes with the distict collectors," say the then young scholars (Dr. M. R. Ranganatha, Dr. J. Neethivanan, and Dr. M. S. Thirumalai) who were part of the small team of linguists employed by the Language Division of the Census of India Organization.
In retrospect, one could assign language affinity to several of the unclassified mother tongues listed here, and even re-assign the classified individual mother tongues under other languages or dialects. However, for various reasons, the team did not choose to give the identity to some obvious mother tongues listed here. The tabulation/analysis of the mother tongue names was done by the Language Division of the Census of India under the leadership of a senior anthropological linguist, Mr. R. C. Nigam. The Registrar-General and Census Commissioner for the 1961 Census operations, Mr. Asok Mitra, an ICS officer of great calibre, took a keen personal and scholarly interest in planning, executing and analyzing the mother tongue returns.
The names of the mother tongues listed in the Cenus of India 1961 clearly reveal the interesting pscho-social and political dynamics of language use in India. The very same dynamics are still in operation, although the subsequent Census reports on Indian languages somewhat tried to standardize the names, and not present the names of mother tongues as they were given by the people.
An abstract of the list of mother tongues returned in Census of India 1961 is given below. A total of 1652 mother tongue names was identified, but it should be remembered that mother tongues are not identical to languages or dialects.The question as to how many languages are spoken in India is still a question that cannot be answered with certainty. We really need another Linguistic Survey of India that will focus not only on identifying the languages and dialects of India, but will provide the unwritten languages with relevant script systems, prepare monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual dictionaries in the lesser known languages, provide resources for the use of these languages at least up to the elementary level in education, and describe and explain the dynamics of language use and identity in the country. A progressive and democratic nation should always feel proud of its diversity and the strength that it derives from such diversity.
ABSTRACT OF MOTHER T0NGUES RETURNED IN CENSUS OF INDIA, 1961
Category Number of Mother Tongues Total Number of Speakers
Austric Family 65 6,192,495
Tibeto-Chinese Family 226 3,183,801
Dravidian Family 153107,410,820
Indo-European Family 574 321,720,700
Kisan (Classified
under two different
families)
1 50,378
Mother tongues outside India 103 315,466
Unclassified, including three
tentatively reclassified
category considered unclassified
530 63,258
TOTAL 1,652 438,936,918
Since the list is long, and it takes quite a bit of time to format the list in the table format, I presented only a part of the list (foreign and unclassified mother tongues) in the last issue of Language in India. What is presented here is a complete list of all the mother tongues enumerated in the Census of India 1961, including those under the foreign and unclassified mother tongues. My thanks are due to Dr. Thirumalai and Miss Kelly Stuart who kindly helped me in formatting this long list.
MOTHER TONGUES OF INDIA,
ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF INDIA, 1961
Foreign Mother Tongues
(Figures indicate all-India total of speakers.)
ASIA Mother Tongue Name Number of Speakers
Afghani/Kabuli/Pashto/Pathani 11,269
Annamese/Annamite 48
Arabic/Arbi 17,840
Armenian 62
Assirian 4
Balinese 1
Balochi/Baluchi 2,321
Bukhari 8
Burmese 2,871
Cambodian 20
Ceylonese/Simelu/Singhalese 847
Chinese/Chini 14,607
Hanoi 11
Hebrew/Jewish 506
Indonesian 423
Irani/Iranian 878
Iraqui 4
Israeli 7
Japanese 985
Javanese/Java 482
Karen 431
Korean 3
Laotian 13
Lebanonese 7
Mahl/Maldivian 4,163
Makrani 34
Malai/Malay/Malayan 617
Mangolian/Mongolian 20
Persian 8,007
Philippine 18
Sam 32
Shan 1
Siamese/Thai 1,389
Siberian 1
Syriac 6
Tagalog 2
Turkish/Turkistani 58
Vietnamese 66
Yagistani 4
Yarkandi 66
AFRICA Mother Tongue Name Number of Speakers
African 118
African Krue 1
Change 1
Congolese 39
Egyptian 3
Ethiopian 3
Ewe 2
Ghanese 11
Kikaya 6
Lungandeu 4
Nigerian 1
Shone 3
Somali 1
Sudanese 4
Suto 1
Swahili 53
Tanganyika 1
Uganda 7
AMERICA Mother Tongue Name Number of Speakers
American 45
Brazil 4
Canadian 77
Venzutick 1
OCEANIA Mother Tongue Name Number of Speakers
Australian 5
Fijian 2
Hawaii 2
EUROPE Mother Tongue Name Number of Speakers
Austrian 6
Basque 5
Belgian 42
Celtic 2
Corsican 1
Czech/Czechoslovakian 115
Danish 529
Dutch 700
English 223,781
Eurasian 1
European 9
Finnish 27
Flemish 126
French 2,593
Gaelic 2
German 2,568
Greek 531
Hungarian 62
Irish 83
Italian 959
Latin 68
Lithuanian 1
Luxembourgian 2
Maltese 21
Norwegian 368
Polish 37
Portuguese 12,317
Roumanian 101
Russian 1,030
Scottish 24
Serbocroatian 1
Slavic 10
Slovene 1
Spanish 400
Swedish 292
Swedish 292
Swiss 75
Welsh 21
Yugoslavian 85
MOTHER TONGUES OF INDIA,
ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF INDIA, 1961
Unclassified Mother Tongues
(Figures indicate all-India total of speakers.)
Abhahatik 1
Adhuni 5
Adibhasha 4,807
Adivasi 68
Adim 24
Adnis 3
Agsula 1
Ahenai 1
Aia Alam 1
Alanic 6
Alkari 11
Andamanese 6
Andhi 6
Anharic 1
Araji 2
Ascrini 3
Ashai 1
Ashia 1
Aurkhati 1
Badhri 1
Baha 2
Bahti 52
Baisiya 27
Bakatan 1
Bakerwali 5,941
Balauri 52
Balhapuri 3
Baliyani 1
Balvan 2
Banari 5
Bandubal 3
Bangargi 2
Bangarni 2
Bangro 8
Banor 2
Banspuri 66
Banthli 4
Barai 2
Bare 909
Barjaian 28
Barochi 1
Basali 1
Basauli 238
Bask 1
Basti 2
Bavari 1
Beldari 2,702
Bengani 8
Benjua 229
Beriya 144
Bhadri 11
Bhadruvali 1
Bhagat 211
Bhagnadi 65
Bhagnari 97
Bhagwati 2
Bhali 116
Bhamti 3
Bhangra 31
Bhigoli 1
Bhim 229
Bhivadi 1
Bhogta 20
Bhohoe 3
Bhutnagri 145
Bidichoras 21
Bilni 10
Bithalanean 1
Biyogi 1
Bojwari 1
Bolti Zaban 2
Bomba 3
Bondala 10
Brain 6
Bucher 63
Bunhar 1
Canter 17
Canthars 1
Chabeli 2
Chachi 1
Chamaiya 14
Chaperar 5
Chathgir 7
Chaubar 7
Chau Bhasha 483
Chetori 2
Chhari 93
Chhushmeni 2
Chind 9
Chotanagpuri 1
Chovoel 1
Chow 2
Christian 29
Ciol 1
Commanga 1
Coor 72
Cushai 7
Cutch 8
Dalue 1
Damal 1
Dangchaga 57
Darchini 2
Darwi 88
Dati 2
Dayyala Bhasha 19
Dehati 2
Deke 2
Derasmati 1
Desbadi 388
Deshi 236
Deswayi 616
Dhallu 1
Dichi 2
Diwhe 7
Dombari 10
Dulai 1
Dunavi Pahari 1
Dwed Boli 1
East Indian 7
Elonguria 1
Eti 26
Fatma 1
Fernada 1
Fugian 1
Fulmali 10
Fulnagri 2
Gabaro 85
Gadal 1
Gadya Bhasha 41
Gagar 4
Ganga 151
Gangasi 1
Ganju 19
Garpagari 7
Garudi 101
Gaunti 1
Gavari 1
Geneng 9
Ghamoli 1
Ghanjhari 4
Ghasi 213
Ghatwal 124
Ghircharg 1
Godagali 40
Godhami 1
Gohari 3
Gopal 134
Gorh 131
Gorhathi 1
Gorila 40
Gosai 2
Gowala 16
Gulgulia 20
Gur 192
Gurjara 303
Gusara 1
Guthara 1
Gwalri 57
Hakkipikki 81
Hali 1
Halvado 3
Hamar 1
Hanemadi 1
Hara 37
Hardasi 4
Hasang 1
Heirlese 1
Helgo 3
Hengna 2
Hijomdel 1
Hudia 6
Hungyo 4
Inkari 732
Jabakhri 8
Jamthali 2
Jarasi 2
Jatapu 19,467
Jawali Pahari 3
Jhalo Malo 4
Jhara 121
Jhora 1
Jogsani 4
Jokhri 2
Jord 1
Junkuku 1
Kadi 6
Kaisid 2
Kalahari 7
Kalazan 1
Kalwi 1
Kamadun 2
Kamat 2
Kandi 16
Kandri 1
Kangilu 14
Kanjari 1,810
Kanki 1
Kansale 1
Kantari 22
Kapati 3
Karai 2
Karandgam 9
Karangam 147
Kardhani 8
Karkarmundi 20
Karumkhatan 21
Karwali 2
Kashj 14
Kasturi Bhasha 14
Katgi 62
Katiga 9
Katwi 3
Kauri 7
Kavara 36
Kaw 1
Kawami 1
Khampa 1
Khanali 1
Khansi 20
Kharkhadi 1
Khasal 778
Khasbodi 7
Khati 52
Khattai 4
Khorpi 11
Khuku 14
Kigoi 1
Kikiya 5
Kmer 4
Kokag 5
Koldi 53
Kolhati 952
Kolkamar 208
Konagar 7
Konai 10
Konkari 5
Konwar 45
Kosan 1
Kotaran 6
Kristi 1
Ksarwar 1
Kuchbandhi 12
Kudu 1
Kuli 138
Kumadri 1
Kunali 1
Kuncherukala 25
Kundh 1
Kunija 1
Kunsar 1
Kuravanji 99
Kuruvukkaran 31
Kutal 2
Labanic 2
Ladar 31
Ladhari 230
Ladi 94
Lagodu 3
Lalgi 1
Lamzali 22
Langu 1
Lazodi 485
Libo 4
Laosi 1
Laosia 2
Logli 2
Lohari 116
Loher 1
Lunkhul 1
Madan 5
Madari 281
Madari-Nati 21
Madgi 3
Madwali 30
Mahajani 23
Mahakuri 14
Mahaswali 4
Mahato 45
Mai 2
Makhiya 2
Malantha 1
Malari 10
Malgiri 37
Malmaja 5
Malnuti 1
Malo 17
Malsan Pahari 1
Maltis 1
Manaki 13
Mandakini 1
Mandula 18
Manduri Pahari 21
Mani 3
Mar 1
Marahi 2
Marajee 16
Maral 30
Mashan 1
Masti 1
Mastin 17
Mateli 40
Matrai 1
Meghwali 38
Mehari 4
Melashi 2
Metali 2
Miji 1
Mikum 3
Mioli 6
Mita 1
Molu 1
Momidomi 4
Mompa 1
Morma 3
Moung 1
Muchi 415
Mullu 4
Mumhara 2
Mundala 16
Mungi 5
Muslim Pahari 1
Muttari 1
Myalor 1
Nagar 28
Nagbanshi 5
Nagi 2
Naikpodi 46
Naiya 71
Nakkala 2
Nandiwali 39
Narmadiya 3
Narnoli 36
Nasang Ki Boli 3
Nasuka 1
Nati 230
Nayakula 1
Nazu 5
Neglo 1
Nehara 26
Neof 2
Ngaite 2
Ning 16
Nishang 10
Nudiya 1
Nuniya 57
Odki 158
Onge 131
Ordial 13
Padhakhy 1
Pajalwani 99
Pahari Kiru 21
Pahari Tikkari 1
Paik 8
Palandi 15
Paliya 42
Pamula Bhasha 23
Pancha 29
Panchrangi 6
Parachinari 2
Pargar 3
Pariya 18
Parki 15
Parui 3
Pasi 28
Pasma 14
Pasoba 3
Pathari 95
Pathisadi 10
Pathlu 45
Patsani Pahari 1
Pattam Bhasha 5
Pawite 2
Pameko 142
Pendhari 11
Phaktun 1
Pilgar 17
Poba 8
Pohani 5
Pokrine 1
Pomo 18
Pondara 154
Poosala 41
Proja 14
Punjwali 12
Purnea 6
Pussi 7
Qustash 2
Raj 1,342
Rajbhar 16
Rajghar 44
Rak 382
Rakay 24
Rakchhai 4
Ramdasi 1
Ranat 2
Ranchi 278
Rangareji 79
Ranthia 13
Rasmiati 27
Rathia 47
Ratiya 7
Razali 9
Rebucheba 1
Reddi Bhasha 23
Riba 6
Rienauni 20
Rishi 8
Rohe 10
Roman 24
Rose 13
Rovabi 1
Rowdhari 531
Rumai 2
Sadharan 13
Saibya 109
Sairi 7
Samishra 17
Sanap 1
Sankara 34
Sanku 1
Sansi 467
Saperi 109
Sapru 1
Saraiya 20
Sardari 9
Sarnarthi 4
Sarodi 1,354
Sarsar 6
Sasi 1
Sasna 22
Saswari 3
Sathari 45
Satrali 9
Savaji 2
Sayeng 4
Seema 1
Sellum 1
Sengou 1
Servari 1
Servi 26
Seypho 1
Shaja 1
Shikari 283
Shompen 70
Shusha 11
Sigitvia 1
Sikalgari 533
Sikkari 29
Silpi 22
Simni 69
Sinos 1
Sohali 1,576
Somasahag 1
Sonjhari 41
Sonni 4
Subba 1,257
Sudia 439
Sujathigar 1
Sulung 3
Sungi 1
Sunkarad 1
Surali 2
Swani 3
Taban 2
Taharine 1
Talami 3
Tandara 31
Tandil 1
Tanjarvalngo 1
Tankera 1
Tanti 100
Tarane 1
Taroa 1
Taroni 16
Tashwar 1
Tasti 143
Tayeng 1
Tebag 5
Teli 19
Temelly 3
Tepali 1
Tewari 23
Thakai 2
Thari 1
Thatma 4
Thatwari 1
Tilali 53
Tirguli 1,000
Tolcha 6
Tolar 5
Topi 1
Totoja 47
Trimali 2
Trivedi 2
Tumbekaru 73
Tungo 1
Uchai 768
Uhando 19
Uhord 10
Ujra 2
Umarpala 2
Umathi 6
Upabhasha 489
Urani 1
Uravan 3
Urmasha 42
Usthu 1
Uttari Pahari 10
Vadakkali 1
Vaipaki 1
Vaival 2
Varanchiti 1
Vatu 1
Veddy 39
Vondala 6
Votga 6
Wakarali 1
Walli 2
Walmiki 3
Wandgiri 1
Watankari 9
Yahudi 1
Yaskhila 1
Yero 12
Zindhari 63
Zunwar 2
ANNEXURE III
STATEMENT SHOWING LANGUAGES CLASSIFIED
LANGUAGE ALL-INDIA TOTAL OF SPEAKERS
AUSTRIC FAMILY 6,192,495
AUSTRO-ASIATIC SUB-FAMILY 6,192,495
Mon-Khmer Group (Mon-Khmer Branch) 377,993
Khasi 364,063
Bhoi-Khasi 651
Jaintia 14,673
Khasi 289,650
Nongtung 122
Pnar/Synteng 55,113
War 3,854
Nicobarese 13,936
Munda Group (Munda Branch) 5,814,496
Kherwari 647
Santali 3,247,058
Gayari 16
Gora 1
Har 9
Hamari-Santali 903
Karmali 90,849
Kisan-Santali 41
Lohari-Santali 130
Mahili 19,697
Manjhi 2,296
Paharia 2,287
Santali 3,130,829
Mundari 737,037
Mundari 736,524
Mura 513
Bhumij 142,003
Bhuiya/Bhuyan 10
Bhumij 131,258
Kisan-Bhumij 4,569
Kurmi 351
Larka 32
Parsi-Bhumij 4,754
Rahiya 1,029
Birhor 590
Koda/Kora 31,724
Khaira 18,325
Koda/Kora 13,277
Mirdha-Koda/Kora 76
Udangmudria 46
Ho 648,359
Ho 648,066
Lohara 293
Turi 1,562
Asuri 4,540
Agaria 98
Birjia/Brijia/Binjhia 2,395
Birjia/Brijia/Binjhia 2,391
Pahari- Birjia/Brijia/Binjhia 4
Korwa 17,720
Jangali-Korwa 35
Koraku 53
Korwaa 16,286
Majhi-Korwa 1339
Singli 7
Korku 220,242
Korku 208,165
Mankari 1,081
Muwasi 9,829
Nihali 1,167
Kharia 177,159
Baiti 5
Dhelki 58
Kharia 171,269
Lodha 5
Mirdha-Kharin 5,822
Jwang 15,795
Savara 265,721
Gadaba 40,193
Munda-Unspecified 261,653
Adibhasha-Munda 13,140
Kol 64,465
Lohari-Munda 123
Mahto 7
Munda-Unspecified 167,159
Parenga 767
Parhiya 397
Thar 15,595
TIBETO-CHINESE FAMILY 3,183,801
SIAMESE-CHINESE SUB-FAMILY 296
Tai Group 296
Khampti/Khamti 296
TIBETO-BURMAN SUB-FAMILY 3,183,505
Tibeto-Himalayan Branch 279,277
Bhotia Group (Tibetan Group) 207,353
Tibetan 34,730
Gazai 30
Girdu 1
Khama 7
Khamba 23
Kongbo 281
Konyo 14
Lama 59
Memba 66
Monpa 296
Sherdukpen 10
Taiphakial 1
Tangbo 9
Tibetan 33,931
Yora 2
Balti 33,571
Askarrdi 1
Balti 33,570
Ladakhi 52,913
Budhi 2,764
Champ 1
Ladakhi 50,146
Sham 1
Tumbal 1
Lahuli 11,412
Spiti 33
Jad 306
Sherpa 6,173
Sikkim Bhotia 36,760
Bhutani 1,538
Bhutani 422
Dukpa 1,116
Kogate 44
Bhotia-Unspecified 29,873
Adibhasha-Bhotia 26
Bhotia-Unspecified 29,371
Marchha 470
Zanskari 6
Himalayan Group 71,924
(Pronominalized/Non-Pronominalized Himalayan Groups)
Lahuli of Chamba 3,021
Kanashi 563
Kanashi 1
Malani 562
Kanauri 28,630
Baudh 2
Chini Pahari 6
Jangi 116
Kanauri 28,495
Pahari Chamang 1
Samchu 4
Jangali 111
Banbhasha 7
Jangali 13
Rawati 91
Dhimal 11
Limbu 5,418
Khambu 25
Rai 3,313
Gurung 82
Tamang 4,939
Sunwar 297
Mangari 1,136
Newari 284
Lepcha 23,706
Kami 5
Toto 383
Himalayan Group
North-East Frontier Group (North Assam Branch) 142,640
Aka/Hrusso 81
Dafla 1,380
Apatani 177
Bangni 28
Dafla 1,175
Abor/Adi 3,912
Abor/Adi 705
Ashing 46
Bokar 80
Bori-Abor/Adi 58
Gallong 883
Milang 21
Minyong 1,228
Padam 610
Pailibo 18
Pangi 15
Pasi-Abor/Ado 11
Ramo 8
Simong 1
Tagin 228
Miri 136,598
Miri 103,188
Mi Shing 33,410
Mishmi 669
Chulikata/Idu 183
Digaru 100
Miju 107
Mishmi 279
Assam-Burmese Branch 2,761,588
Bodo Group (Bārā or Bodo Group) 1,228,421
Bodo/Boro 361,801
Bodo/Boro 286,339
Kachari 65,259
Mech 10,203
Lalung 10,576
Dimasa 32,708
Dimasa 32,507
Hairamba 201
Garo 307,040
Achik 4
Dalu 10
Garo 307,026
Koch 8,225
Banai 527
Koch 7,698
Rabha 44,432
Rabha 44,410
Rangdania 22
Tripuri 299,643
Jamatia 14,522
Kok Barak 3
Murasing 22
Noatia 4,468
Reang 65,004
Tripuri 215,624
Deori 9,103
Mikir 154,786
Arleng 17
Mikir 154,786
Naga Group 478,439
Angami 42,770
Angami 34,431
Chakru 8,339
Sema 47,464
Rengma 5,935
Meluri-Rengma 4
Rengma 5,931
Khezha 8,828
Khezha 7,324
Poma 1,504
Ao 57,745
Ao 56,385
Monsang/Mongsen 1,359
Nokpu 1
Lotha 26,611
Tableng 14
Cang-Naga 11,329
Kacha Naga 9,734
Kacha Naga 4,119
Lemei 2,728
Liangmei 2,887
Zemi Naga 490
Upama Naga 58
Uprima Naga 58
Zemi Naga 374
Kabui 30,089
Kabui 17,360
Rongmei 12,729
Khoirao 406
Mao 28,873
Mao 21,030
Paomata 7,843
Maram 4,928
Tangkhul 44,020
Maring 7,745
Konyak 57,119
Konyak 46,701
Shamnuyangan 9,461
Tabu 957
Pochury 18,500
Phelungre 252
Pochury 2,736
Sangtam 15,512
Phom 13,390
Orangkong 5
Phom 13,385
Yimchungre 12,673
Tikhir 2,486
Yimchungre 10,187
Khiemnungam 12,435
Khiemnungam 12,434
Pangsha 1
Nocte 66
Wancho 2,713
Makware 769
Tangsa 460
Tangsa 165
Tikhak 295
Naga-Unspecified 33,333
Chakesang 10,310
Naga-Unspecified 13,563
Zeliang 9460
Kachin Group 825
Kawri 6
Singpho 819
Kuki-Chin Group 1,043,414
Manipuri/Meithei 636,430
Bishnupuriya 15,182
Manipuri/Meithei 621,244
Moyol 4
Thado 31,974
Baite 204
Changsen 338
Chongloi 2
Hangseen/Hansing 16
Hangui 4
Haokeep/Haokup 2,676
Indoi 4,111
Khongzai 3
Kilong 10
Kipgen 77
Langtung 5
Lhouvum 1
Lumhao 12
Mate 60
Shongthu 15
Singson 24
Tezang 2
Thado 24,213
Thangngen 201
Ralte 170
Paite 18,612
Tlangtlang 3
Pawi 6,866
Lakher 9,531
Lushai/Mizo 222,202
Lushai/Mizo 221,985
Pang 217
Rangkhol 4,651
Bete 2,964
Hadem 170
Rangkhol 1,517
Halam 17,243
Banshi 69
Bongcher 6
Chari Chong 213
Halam 5,481
Kaipang 1,977
Kailai 2,050
Karbong 72
Khelma 722
Mursum 4,486
Rupini 2,028
Saimal 41
Shekasip 98
Langrong 175
Aimol 108
Chiru 3,590
Chiru 3,059
Koireng 531
Kom 5,478
Hmar 25,530
Lamgang 1,866
Chote 1,035
Purum 82
Anal 5,522
Anal 4,875
Moyon 647
Gangte 4,887
Gangte 4,877
Neisel 10
Vaiphei 8,657
Khami 1
Khawathlang 1
Simte 9,583
Simte 2,818
Tidim 4
Zou 6,761
Kuki-Unspecified 28,943
Darlong 817
Kuki-Unspecified 27,837
Mulsom 289
Chin-Unspecified 274
Chin-Unspecified 60
Matu 212
Poi 2
Burma Group 10,489
Mru 48
Arakanese 10,441
Arakanese 16
Kaman 1
Mogh 10,424
DRAVIDIAN FAMILY 107,410,820
Dravidam 6,188
Dravidam 53
Madrasi 6,135
South Dravidian (Dravida Group) 66,010,316
Tamil 30,562,706
Adi Dravida 95
Arava 242
Burgandi 1,938
Irula/Iruliga 4,124
Kaikadi 8,456
Kallar 1
Kaspar 8
Kasturi 9
Kongar 902
Korava 5,792
Korchi 372
Kosavan 41
Madari Kuruva 6
Madurai 10
Parikala 81
Pattapu Bhasha 1,113
Sankara-Uerukala/Yerukula 89
Solaga 3
Tamil 30,465,442
Udaiyarmoli 4
Valluvamoli 3
Yerukala/Yerukula 73,975
Malayalam 17,015,782
Kerala 4
Kurukal 4
Laccadive 2
Malabar 45
Malayalam 472
Mallayakka 16,994,919
Nagari-Malayalam 1
Oda 10
Pania 5,221
Roman-Malayalam 6
Travankorian 1
Vettuva 9
Yerava 14,927
Kannada 17,415,827
Advichanchi 17
Atavika 3
Badaga 85,463
Bijapuri 2
Budubudike 14
Chettibhasha-Kannada 711
Golari-Kannada 307
Halian 2
Haranshikari 191
Holiya 3,093
Kadubhasha 688
Kannada 17,305,629
Karandi 37
Karnataka 75
Kattunaichen 1
Konavar 2
Koracha 3,467
Korama-Kannada 845
Kuruba/Kurumba 8,798
Kuruva Kannadam 215
Lingayati 49
Madari-Kannada 3
Manglorese 325
Mochi 6
Montadenchetty 1,690
Mysore 1
Nagari-Kannada 2
Maiki-Buruba/Kurumba 1,167
Pallakkal 3
Solaga-Kannada 1,931
Urali 1,078
Vani 12
Coorgi/Kodagu 78,172
Tulu 965,108
Koraga 192
Malekudi 2
Parava 48
Tulu 934,849
Udipi 17
Toda 765
Kota 956
Ko Bashai 94
Kota 862
(Andhra Language) 37,668,132
Telugu 37,668,132
Andhra 30
Beradi 122
Budabukkala 28
Chenchu 228
Dakkala 7
Dasari 26
Dommara 963
Ekidi 4
Godari 51
Golari 2,591
Jogala 19
Kamathi 153
Kammara 64
Kashi Kapadi 10
Koduva 1
Kongkoi 6
Madari-Telugu 10
Mala Bhasha 63
Mathanga 1
Mijai 1
Mondillu 4
Nagli 19
Noor 2
Ottanmoli 2
Padmashali 16
Palwali 1
Pichakuntla 26
Pomla 41
Samagara 2
Telugu 37,642,439
Theevari 2
Vadaga 235
Vadari 20,654
Vaidu 63
Valmiki 8
Yenadi/Yanadi 240
Central Dravidian 2,495,150
Kui 512,161
Kui 510,907
Pengu 1,254
Kolami 51,055
Kolami 46,065
Manne 4,982
Naiki-Kolami 8
Goudi 1,501,731
Dorli 35,455
Gaiki 24
Gondi 1,384,321
Kalari 47
Kandra 4
Kokadi 17
Maria 65,371
Nagarchi 74
Pankhali 1
Pardhan 453
Parsi Gondi 14,990
Raj Gondi 335
Thoti 339
Parji 109,401
Dhurwa 24,641
Koraputi 153
Parji 84,607
Koya 140,777
Dorachuttam 1
Koya 140,776
Khond/Kondh 168,027
Konda 12,298
North Dravidian 1,230,480
Kurukh/Oraon 1,141,804
Adibhasha-Kurukh/Oraon 2,101
Adibhasha-Nagesia 2
Dhangri 4,377
Dhanwari 23
Kisan-Kurukh/Oraon 102
Kurukh/Oraon 1,132,931
Lohari-Kurukh/Oraon 707
Malhar 77
Nagesia 1,484
Malto 88,676
Malto 88,645
Sauria 31
Semi-Dravidian Hybrids 554
Bharia 249
Ladhadi305
INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY 321,720,700
ARYAN SUB-FAMILY 321,720,700
Dardie or Pisacha Branch 19,640,908
Kafir Group 1
Wai Ala 1
Khowar Group 3
Khowar 3
Dard Group 1,964,904
Dardi 6,998
Shina 1,558
Brokpa 544
Chilasi 82
Gilgiti 76
Shina 856
Kashmiri 1,956,115
Bunjwali 550
Kashmiri 1,914,446
Kishtwari 11,633
Poguli 9,508
Siraji-Kashmiri 19,978
Kohistani 233
Koghani 152
Kohistani 81
Indo-Aryan Branch 319,753,131
Outer Sub-Branch 109,238,616
North-Western Group 23,809,08
Lahnda 8,976
Bahawalpuri 640
Barad 64
Chibhali 1
Chinawari 8
Derawal 25
Hindko 162
Jatki 84
Lahnda 8
Mirpuri 98
Mulki 1
Multani 5,760
Peshawari 233
Pothwari 11
Punchhi 1,878
Tinauli 3
Sindhi 1,371,932
Balai 45
Bhatia 185
Bhuj 1
Jadeji 2,411
Kachchhi 392,249
Khoja 17
Sindhi 977,023
Songani 1
Southern Group 34,639,134
Marathi 33,286,771
Adkuri 450
Agari 8
Are 2,591
Bahusar 387
Balabanhu 1,009
Bhandari 5
Bhoi-Marathi 114
Bhunjia 1
Bombagga 9
Brahmani 36
Burdi 144
Chandari 306
Dakshini 2
Dahanagari 186
Dhedi 5
Dhiwari 125
Doharahu 339
Ghati 57
Gosavi 235
Govari 3,993
Halabi 299,660
Hatakari 8
Jhari 7
Jogi 10
Kalali 1,797
Kamari 10,616
Karhadi 15
Kathodi 1,611
Katia 6,511
Katkari 4,951
Kedhi 1
Khristy 12
Killikyati 18
Koli 232
Koshti-Marathi 27,313
Kshatriya-Marathi 15,477
Kumbhari 271
Kunbau 22
Lohari-Marathi 49
Lonari 104
Mahari 432
Manhali 1
Marathi 32,767,422
Mirgani 2,250
Muria 22,030
Nagari-Marathi 16
Nagpuri-Marathi 15
Nahari 108
Natakani 5,074
Parvari 59,586
Patharwati 14
Rangari 416
Regari 240
Rodidasi 11
Sale 35
Sali 9
Seesa Kammari 8
Sonari 56
Tamboli 142
Tekari 249
Teli-Marathi 130
Thakri 4,226
Varli 45,605
Wani 3
Warhadi 6
Konkani 1,352,363
Bhat kal 2
Chettibhasha-Konkani 1,346
Daldi 31
Firangi 5
Goanese 4,320
Gouda prakrutha 23
Gouda Saraswata 29
Kargoni 6
Karwari 282
Khokili 13
Konkani 1,337,134
Korlani 108
Kudubi 7,840
Kumki 2
Moopan 473
Nawait 749
Eastern Group 73,218,574
Oriya 15,719,398
Bhatri 85,069
Bhuiya/Bhuyan-Oriya4,434
Bhumijali 35
Chachadi535
Dakhuria 2
Dandasi46
Dhelki-Oriya 326
Gaudo 30
Jagannathi 1,307
Jharia 2,055
Kalahandi 513
Kangali 1
Matia 236
Moghia 88
Oriya 15,610,736
Paidi 3,967
Paki 876
Pamidi 1,228
Pandi 2
Relli 5,295
Sabari 6
Sambhalpuri 18
Saunti 2,117
Utakali 476
Bihari 16,806,772
Anga 5,698
Baisali 81
Baliai 4
Banarasi 37
Bhagalpuri 1,288
Bhojpuri 7,964,755
Bihari 14,940
Chero 1
Chhika Chhiki 547
Dharampuria 1,033
Domali 112
Domra 5
Gawari 4,666
Ghazipuri 1
Gorakpuri 221
Goyali 1
Khortha/Khotta 283,661
Kurmali Thar 1,068
Madhesi 6,519
Magahi/Magadhi 2,818,602
Maithili 4,984,811
Majhawari 7
ongheria 31
Mushahar 159
Muzaffarpuria 63
Nagpuri-Eastern Magahi 93,391
Panchpargania 57,947
Pubi-Maithili 40
Sadan/Sadri 532,733
Saharasabadi 660
Sarwariya 13
Surapuri 28,092
Tamaria 5,045
Tirahutiya 1,140
Bengalil 33,888,939
Bahe 4
Barik 804
Bengali 33,754,408
Bhatiari 430
Chakma 40,071
Dehari 18
Haijong/Hajong 8,858
Kachari-Bengali 371
Kishanganjia 55,597
Lohari-Malpaharia 27
Malpaharia 9,077
Murari 16
Rajbangsi 18,762
Samaria 407
Takam 29
Assamese 6,803,465
Assamese 6,803,463
Kully 2
Mediate Sub-Branch/Inner Sub-Branch 210,511,047
Mediate Group/Central Group/Pahari Group 210,511,047
Mediate Group/Central Group 205,938,121
Hindi 133,435,360
Agrawali 2
Ahiri-Hindi 4
Awadhi 528,281
Baghelkhandi 557,034
Baigani 3,723
Bairagi 1
Bangaru 115
Bhadauri 1
Bhangari 3
Bharati 2,118
Bharatpuri 246
Bhateali Hindi 293
Bhulia 2,704
Bilaspuri 2,875
Binjhwari 1,277
Braj Bhasha/Braj Bhakha 76,189
Budali 1
Bundelkhandi 22,065
Burgaza 3
Chamari 2,225
Chameali Hindi 2
Chmrali 2
Cherwani 10
Chhattisgarhi 2,962,038
Deswali 427
Deswali/Hariani 3,403
Devanagari 342
Dewar Boli 270
Dhamdi 1,560
Dogri Hindi 14
Etawali 3
Gadi Hindi 19
Gahora 52
Gangapari 171
Gaoli 814
Gondani 267
Gouriya 251
Gowro 4,802
Hindi 123,025,489
Hindi Mandeali 496
Hindi Mehlogi 2
Hindi Pahari 5,741
Hindi Punjabi 32
Javalpuri 1
Jamuali Hindi 14
Jati 31
Kahari 738
Kanauji 11
Kanauri Hindi 1
Kankeri 102
Kasmiri Hindi 2
Khariboli 5,989,128
Kidki 2
Kirari 632
Kosari 249
Koshti-Bundeli 5
Koyri 2
Kurmi-Hindi 1
Laria 45,524
Lodhanti 8
Lodhi 27,393
Maina 14
Mainpuri 11
Mali 969
Marari 37,742
Marli 11
Mathuri 2,831
Mehtar 3
Mirzapuri 457
Mundi 2
Muria-Hindi 167
Nagari-Hindi 6,731
Nagpuri 1
Nagwanshi 5
Nepali Hindi 1
Ojhi 1,065
Pachhimi Hindi 942
Pachhimi Hindi Pahari 5
Pando 6,322
Panki 356
Pardesi 32,423
Pingal 52
Powari 64,078
Purbi 5,264
Raghobansi 2,484
Rewapari 431
Rohtaki 8
Roman-Hindi 3
Seheria 2
Satnami 548
Sirmauri Hindi 107
Sugujia 3,093
Swadeshi 1
Tharu Awadhi 3
Tibia 1
Towargarhi 4
Uttari 12
Hindustani 123,200
Bondili 210
Hindustani 122,011
Indian 22
Kshatri 937
Paschima 8
Rohilkhandi 11
Saharapuri 1
Urdu 23323518
Bahane 9
Dakani/Musalmani 215
Islami 124
Mughaliay 4
Pakistan 6
Patani 1
Pinjari 93
Rekhti 19
Urdu 23,323,047
Punjabi 10,950,826
Bagri 661
Bhateali 31,922
Bhattiani 8
Bilaspuri/Kahluri 27,229
Changru 5
Dogri 879,748
Gudaspuri Pahari 3
Gurmukhi 130,772
Hoshiarpuri 85
Jamuali 758
Jatki-Punjabi 8
Jhangi 1
Kandiali 26
Kangril 7,808
Kashali 1
Labori 3
Lande 5
Leyalpuri 5
Nangeli 1
Nurpuri 1
Odanwali 6
Pahari Punjabi 24
Patiali Pahari 1
Punjabi 9,868,279
Rajputi 1
Rathauri 584
Rathi 2,866
Sadhori 3
Sikhi 12
Gujarati 20,304,464
Balbanagiri 15
Bori 12
Gadaria 570
Ghisadi 1,776
Gujarati 20,105,846
Gujaru 24,577
Halai 10
Jaini 1,026
Kathiyawadi 2,989
Khalpa 1
Khatri-Sauashtra 1,790
Kolchi 1,004
Koli-Gujarati 19
Kshatriya-Gujarati 1
Mahar 18
Memani 708
Parsi 5,088
Patkari 1,287
Pattani 11
Ravli 1
Saurashtra 157,570
Saurashtri 114
Sorathi 1
Surti 1
Talavia 5
Tirbandi 20
Zoroastrian 4
Bhili 2,439,611
Adivasi-Bhili 7
Baglani 2
Baori 2,080
Barel 173,479
Bavchi 3
Bhilali 349,312
Bhili 769,340
Bhilodi 59,243
Bhimchaura 129
Byadha 49
Charani 192
Chodhari 59,732
Dhanki 375
Dhodia 30,571
Dubli 14
Dungari 162
Gamti/Gavit 38,168
Kokna/Kokni/Kukna 84,776
Kotali 455
Kotvali 2,794
Magari 21
Mawchi 42,837
Naikadi 1,494
Neelishikari 223
Padvi 216
Panchali 459
Paradhi 10,253
Pawri 38,593
Pittala Bhasha 131
Ranati 8
Tadavi 4,097
Takankari 9
Takari 101
Vasava 12,905
Wagdi 756,786
Walvi 595
Khandeshi 428,126
Ahirani 363,780
Chitodi 22
Dangi 60,584
Dhedgujari 48
Khandeshi 3,692
Rajasthani 14,933,016
Agarwali 15
Ahiri 1,595
Ahirwati 21,119
Ajmeri 580
Alwari 18
Bachadji 277
Bagri-Rajasthani 309,903
Bangala 21
Banjari 592,654
Betuli 5
Bhopali 10
Bhoyari 5,388
Bhuani 211
Bikaneri 47
Chaurasi 436
Chhekari 8
Dhanderi 13
Dhandi 327
Dhundhari 1,591,826
Dingal 9
Gadia Lohari 33
Gadoli 45
Godwari 136
Gojri 209,327
Goolla 459
Gujari 1,911
Gujjari 5,137
Gurvi 10
Harauti 561,034
Hattiya Ki Boli 21
Jaipuri 81,514
Jamuwal Gojri 7
Jesalmeri 9
Jhamral 125
Jodhpuri 60
Klbeli 803
Khairari 111,050
Khanchi Wari 4,422
Khandvi 22
Kir 18
Kishangarhi 8,608
Kora-Banjari 29
Lamani/Lambadi 679,363
Lashkari 3
Lohari-Rajasthani 338
Majajani-Rajasthani 10
Maharajshahi 3
Mahesri 209
Malvi 1,142,478
Marwari 6,242,449
Marwari Gondi 28
Mathuri-Banjari 2,750
Mejwari 3,964
Mewari 1,853,769
Mewati 48,427
Nagarchal 28,637
Nagauri 32
Naiki-Banjari 157
Nimadi 528,172
oswali 2
Palvi 264
Patvi 37
Rajasthani 804,274
Rajawati 73
Rajhari 706
Rajputani 4,900
Rajwari 81
Shekhawati 22,160
Sipari 487
Sondwari 59,433
Tanda 36
Thali 475
Ujaini 57
Pahari Group 4,561,750
Eastern Pahari 1,021,102
Nepali 1,021,102
Darhi 8
Gorkahali 17,067
Nepali 1,004,026
Thaper 1
Central Pahari 1,840,221
Kumauni 1,030,254
Almori 24
Johari 8
Kamargam 1
Kumauni 1,030,075
Nainitali 21
Pahari Almorah 1
pashchhimi 123
Ramgarhiya 1
Garhwali 809,967
Dondiyali 1
Garhwali 809,746
Goodi 9
Kunkhardcong 5
Laheha 1
Pahari U.P. 203
Riyasati 1
Tehri 1
Western Pahari 659,556
Jaunsari 54,153
Babari 2
Babar Pahari 4
Jaunsari 54,122
Pahari Dehra Dun 25
Sirmauri 111,391
Chaupali 2
Sirmauri 111,389
Baghati 4,034
Baghati 3,976
Dharampuri Pahari 2
Kuthari 28
Kutiyali Pahari 22
Solon Pahari 6
Kiunthali 137
Bhajer 1
Dhamyani 1
Kiunthali 133
Tara Devi Pahari 2
Handuri 5,337
Arki Pahari 11
Bagalyoni 5
Baghli Pahari 69
Bhagali 1
Bhagri Pahari 1
Bugluyani 8
Handuri 138
Kunihari Pahari 3
Mahlogi 5,093
Mangali 1
Nalagarhi 7
Siraji 401
Balsani Pahari 7
Jubbali 358
Pahari Kotkhai 1
Simla Pahari 32
Siraji 2
Theogi Pahari 1
Soracholi 2
Bashahri 524
Bashahri 517
Rampuri 7
Siraji-Inner Siraji 6,859
Sodochi 8
Kotgarhi 1
Kumharsaini 2
Sodochi 5
Kului 49,859
Mandi 9
Mandeali 227,352
Bakhli 5
Mandeali 227,347
Suketi 5,074
Pahari 168
Suketi 4,906
Chameali 46,126
Ad Dharmi 1
Bansbali 970
Bansyari 359
Bhateali Chamba 5
Chamba Pahari 3
Chameali 43,690
Gadi Chameali 1,098
Bharmauri/Gaddi 56,278
Bharmarui/Gaddi 56,226
Bhateali Bharmauri 6
Bhateali Gadi 32
Curahi Gadi 14
Churahi 43,748
Pangwali 8,195
Bhadrawahi 33,533
Bhale si 175
Padari 6,361
Padari 6,352
Pondri(no figure given)
Pahari-Unspecified 1,015,203
Binhari 14
Himachali 596
Kangri Pahari 908
Kashmiri Pahari 57
Mahajani-Western Pahari 53
Pachhimi Pahari 55,327
Pahari-Unspecified 9,582,483
Mother tongues affiliated with more than one language 40,312
Under Pahari Group25,668
Mahasu Pahari 25,668
Under Mediate Sub-Branch/Innder Sub-Branch11,176
Tharu 11,176
Under Indo-Aryan Branch3,468
Kewati 3,468
Under Old or Middle Indo-Aryan Languages2,661
Ardhamagadhi19
Pali 93
Prakrit 5
Sanskrit 2,544
Sanskrit 2,542
Vedic 1
Vedpali 1
Mother tongue affiliated with more than one family
(Austric and Dravidian)
50,378
Kisan 50,378
ABSTRACT TO ANNEXURE III
Category Number of Mother Tongues Total Number of Speakers
Austric Family 65 6,192,495
Tibeto-Chinese Family 226 3,183,801
Dravidian Family 153107,410,820
Indo-European Family 574 321,720,700
Kisan (Classified
under two different
families)
1 50,378
Mother tongues outside India 103 315,466
Unclassified, including three
tentatively reclassified
category considered unclassified
530 63,258
TOTAL 1,652 438,936,918
ANNEXURE IV
Statement showing details of mother tongues
considered as TRIBAL LANGUAGES.
*These mother tongues though considered Unclassifiable
are presumed to be tribal since tribes bearing identical names
are scheduled in President's Order as published in
Gazette of India, Pt. III, Sec. I, dated 13th August, 1960.
Mother tongue Number of Speakers
Abor/Adi 3,912
Abor/Adi 705
Ashing 46
Bokar 80
Bori-Abor/Adi 58
Gallong 883
Milang 21
Minyong 1,228
Padam 610
Pailibo 18
Pangi 15
Pasi-Abor/Adi 11
Ramo 8
Simong 1
Tagin 228
Agaria 98
Aimol 108
Aka/Hrusso 81
Anal 8,522
Anal 4,875
Moyon 647
*Andamanese 17
Andamanese 5
Yero 12
Angami 42,770
Angami 34,431
Chakru 8,339
Ao 57,745
Ao 56,385
Monsang/Mongsen 1,359
Nokpu 1
Asuri 4,540
*Beriya 144
Bhili 2,439,611
Adivasi-Bhili 7
Baglani 2
Baori 2,080
Barel 173,479
Bavchi 3
Bhilali 349,312
Bhili 769,340
Bhilodi 59,243
Bhimchaura 129
Byadha 49
Charani 192
Chodhari 59,732
Dhanki 375
Dhodia 30,571
Dubli 14
Bungari 162
Gamti/Gavit 38,168
Kokna/Kokni/Kukna 84,776
Kotali 455
Kotvali 2,794
Magari 21
Mawchi 42,837
Naikadi 1,494
Neelishikari 223
Padvi 216
Panchali 459
Paradhi 10,253
Pawri 38,593
Pittala Bhasha 131
Ranati 8
Tadavi 4,097
Takankari 9
Takari 101
Vasava 12,905
Wagdi 756,786
Walvi 595
Bhumij 142,003
Bhuiya/Bhuyan 10
Bhumij 131,258
Kisan-Bhumij 4,569
Kurmi 351
Larka 32
Parsi-Bhumij 4,754
Rahiya 1,029
Birhor 590
Birjia/Brijia/Binjhia 2,395
Birjia/Brijia/Binjhia 2,391
Pahari-Birjia/Brijia/Binjhia 4
Bodo/Boro 361,801
Bodo/Boro 286,339
Kachari 65,259
Mech 10,203
Chang-Naga 11,329
Chiru 3,590
Chiru 3,059
Koireng 531
Chote 1,035
Dafla 1,380
Apatani 177
Bangni 28
Dafla 1,175
Deori 9,103
Dimasa 32,708
Dimasa 32,507
Hairamba 201
Gadaba 40,193
Garo 307,026
Achik 4
Dalu 10
Garo 307,026
Gondi 1,501,431
Dorli 35,455
Gaiki 24
Gondi 1,384,321
Klari 47
Kandra 4
Kokadi17
Maria 65,371
Nagarchi 74
Pankhali 1
Pardhan 453
Parsi Gondi 14,990
Raj Gondi 335
Thoti339
*Hakkipikki 81
Halam 17,243
Banshi 69
Bongcher 6
Chari Chong 213
Halam 5,481
Kaipang 1,977
Kalai 2,050
Karbong 72
Khelma 722
Mursum 4,486
Rupini 2,028
Saimal 41
Shekasip 98
*Hengna 2
Hmar 25,530
Ho 648,359
Ho 648,066
Lohara 293
*Jatapu 19,467
Jwang 15,795
Kabui 30,089
Kabui 17,360
Rongmei 12,729
Kacha Naga 9,734
Kacha Naga 4,119
Lemei 2,728
Liangmei 2,887
Kanauri 28,630
Baudh 2
Chini Pahari 9
Jangi 119
Kanauri 28,495
Pahari Chamang 1
Samchu 4
Kharia 177,159
Baiti 5
Dhelki 58
Kharia 171,269
Lodha 5
Mirdha-Kharia 5,822
Khasi 364,063
Bhoi-Khasi 651
Jaintia14,673
Khasi 289,650
Nongtung 122
Pnar/Synteng 55,113
War 3,854
Khawathlang 1
Kherwari 647
Khezha 8,828
Khezha 7,324
Poma 1,504
Khiemnungam 12,435
Khiemnungam 12,434
Pangsha 1
Khoirao 406
Khond/Kondh 168,027
Kisan 50,378
Koch 8,225
Banai 527
Koch 7,698
Koda/Kora 31,724
Khaira 18,325
Koda/Kora 13,277
Mirdha-Koda/Kora 76
Udangmudria 46
Kolami 51,055
Kolami 46,065
Manne 4,982
Naiki-Kohami 8
Kom 5,478
Konda 12,298
Konyak 57,119
Konyak 46,701
Shamnyuyangan 9,461
Tabu 957
Korku 220,242
Korku 208,165
Mankari 1,081
Muwasi 9,829
Nihali 1,167
Korwa 17,720
Jangali-Korwa 35
Koraku 53
Korwa 16,286
Majhi-Korwa 1,339
Singli 7
Kota 956
Ko Bashai 94
Kota 862
Koya 140,777
Dora chuttam 1
Koya 140,776
Kuki-Unspecified 28,943
Darlong 817
Kuki-Unspecified 27,837
Mulsom 289
Kurukh/Graon 1,141,804
Adibhasha-Kurukh/Oraon 2,101
Adibhasha-Nagasia 2
Dhangri 4,377
Dhanwari 23
Kisan-Kurukh/Oraon 102
Kurukh/Oraon 1,132,931
Lohari-Kurukh/Oraon 707
Malhar 77
Nagesia 1,484
Lakher 9,531
Lalung 10,576
Lamgang 1,866
Lepcha 23,760
Lotha 26,611
Lushai/Mizo 222,202
Lushai/Mizo 221,985
Pang 217
Makware 169
Mao 28,873
Mao 21,030
Paomata 7,843
Maram 4,928
Maring 7,745
Mikir 154,893
Arleng 107
Mikir 154,786
Miri 136,598
Miri 103,188
Mi Shing 33,410
Mishmi 669
Chulikata/Idu 183
Digaru 100
Miju 107
Mishmi 279
Mru 48
Munda-Unspecified 261,653
Adibhasha-Munda 13,140
Kol 64,465
Lohari-Munda 123
Mahto 7
Munda-Unspecified 167,159
Parenga 767
Parhalya 397
Thar 15,595
Mundari 737,037
Mundari 736,524
Mura 513
Naga-Unspecified 33,333
Chakesang 10,310
Naga-Unspecified 13,563
Zeliang 9,460
Nicobarese 13,936
Nocte 66
*Onge 131
Paite 18,612
Parji 109,401
Dhurwa 24,641
Koraputi 153
Parji 84,607
Pawi 6,866
Phom 13,390
Orangkong 5
Phom 13,385
Pochury 18,500
Phelungre 252
Pocury 2,736
Sangtam 15,512
Purum 82
Rabha 44,432
Rabha 44,410
Rangdania 22
Ralte 170
Rangkhol 4,651
Bete 2,964
Hadem 170
Rangkhol 1,517
Rengma 5,935
Meluri-Rengma 4
Rengma 5,931
Santali 3,247,058
Gayari 16
Gora 1
Har 9
Kamari-Santali 903
Karmali 90,849
Kisan-Santali 41
Lohari-Santali 130
Mahili 19,697
Manjhi2,296
Parharia 2,287
Santali 3,130,829
Savara 265,721
Sema 47,464
*Shompen 70
Simte 9,583
Simte 2,818
Tidim 4
Zou 6,761
Singpho 819
Tangkhul 44,020
Tangsa 460
Tangsa 165
Tikhak 295
Thado 31,974
Baite 204
Changsen 338
Chongloi 2
Hangseen/Hansing 16
Hangui 4
Haokeep/Haokup 2,676
Indoi 3
KhongzaiKilong 4,111
Kilong 10
Kipgen 77
Langtung 5
Lhouvum 1
Lumhao 12
Mate 60
Shongthu 15
Singson 24
Tezang 2
Thado 24,213
Thangngen 201
Toda 765
Tripuri 299,643
Jamatia 14,522
Kok Barak 3
Murasing 22
Noatia 4,468
Reang 65,004
Tripuri 215,624
*Uchai 768
Vaiphei 8,657
Wancho 2,713
Yimchungre12,673
Tikhir 2,486
Yimchungre 10,187
Zemi Naga 490
Upama Naga 58
Urima Naga 58
Zemi Naga 374
Mother tongues returned by tribes
but considered unclassifiable by the Linguist.
Name of Mother tongue Speakers
Adibhasha 4,807
Adivasi 68
Bangro 8
Beldari 2,702
Bhagat 211
Halvado 3
Jhara 121
Kanjari 1,810
Karumkhatan 21
Katgi 62
Kaw 1
Koldi 53
Konwar 45
Kuruvikkaran 31
Ladar 31
Libo 4
Lohari 116
Madari 281
Malgiri 37
Meghwali 38
Mehari 4
Mita 1
Mungi 5
Nagbanshi 5
Naiya 71
Ngaite 2
Nishang 10
Parki 15
Pasma 14
Pawite 2
Ranchi 278
Reddi Bhasha 23
Saibya 109
Saperi 109
Shikari 283
Sulung 3
Upabhasha 489

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B. Mallikarjun, Ph. D.
Central Institute of Indian Languages
Manasagangotri
Mysore 570006, INDIA
mallik_ciil@hotmail.com