LANGUAGE IN INDIA

A Study to Identify Problems Faced by
the Heads of Secondary Schools in Kohat in
North-Western Frontier Province, Pakistan

Muhammad Naseer Ud Din, Ph.D.
Faridullah Khan, Ph.D. Scholar
Sajjad Hayat Akhtar, Ph.D.

Abstract

This study was designed to make a survey of the difficulties faced by the heads of Secondary Schools in Kohat district in North-Western Frontier Province in Pakistan, with an objective to explore the factors leading to various difficulties.

The population of the study included all the Secondary Schools in Kohat district. The sample of the study was 32 secondary schools, 16 Rural and 16 Urban. Out of the 16 rural schools, 8 schools were Boys' and 8 Girls' schools. A questionnaire was developed for the heads of Secondary Schools for the collection of data. The questionnaires were personally given to the heads of Secondary Schools. The percentages of respondents were good for the purpose of the study.

The major conclusions of the study were as follows: The higher authorities did not co-operate with the heads in solving various problems of the schools. There was shortage of teaching staff and menial staff. Majority of the heads of secondary schools did not offer proper guidance and counseling services.

The major recommendations of the study are as follows: Immediate attention should be given to solve the serious problems faced by the heads of secondary schools. The funds are not sufficient to provide adequate facilities for the students. Hence it is recommended that funds should be raised from the public.

Keywords: Heads, Teachers, Secondary Education, Secondary Schools, Social Economic

Introduction: Importance of Secondary Education

Secondary education is an important sub-sector of the entire education system. On the one hand, it provides middle level work for the economy and, on the other hand, it acts as a feeder for the higher levels of education. The quality of higher education, which is expected to produce high quality professionals in different fields of social, economic, and political life of the country, hinges on the quality of secondary education. This level of education, therefore, needs to be organized in such a way that it prepares young men and women for the pursuit of higher education as well as prepares them to adjust to their practical lives meaningfully and productively (Govt. of Pakistan, 1959).

Headmasters of Secondary Schools must be given effective control over the affairs of their schools and should have the responsibility similar to the authority of headmaster elsewhere in the world. They must be the type of persons who can handle their staff and public, individuals whose ideas carry weight and whose character is an example for their students (Govt. of Pakistan, 1959).

The leader of a school can be successful only when the leader secures the willing cooperation from his or her co-workers and make them realize that they also have the responsibility to solve the problems the schools face (Morphet, 1960).

The relations of the headmaster and teachers must be characterized by reciprocity and not by rivalry. Both must share whether the enterprise fails or succeed because one cannot without others cooperation (Reavis, 1942).

Education System in Pakistan

The education system in Pakistan consists of a number of stages: primary, middle, secondary, higher secondary/intermediate, and college and university levels. These categories overlap and so does the administration of institutions overlap in each category. For example, there are schools/colleges offering education from nursery to degree level (class XIV), even to masters' level. Principals of such colleges are responsible for the overall administration of the colleges. But the staff of that college/school may be under the directorate of schools or colleges for the purpose of transfers, promotions and posting, etc.

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