LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 12 : 8 August 2012
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.
Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A.

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M. S. Thirumalai
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Conflict of Modernity and Tradition in Twentieth Century Persian Poetry

Jawad Hamedani, Ph.D. and Muhammad Safeer Awan, Ph.D.

Abstract

Twentieth century Persian poetry is marked by the tensions between modernity and traditionalism. The classical school adhered to the traditional modes of expression and thought and remained aloof from contemporary issues and themes. On the contrary, those influenced by western modernity derived their inspiration in terms of techniques and subject matter from the major trends in modernist movement in arts and culture. However, our contention in this paper is that they do not go much beyond the imitation level to provide any panacea for the socio-political problems of their society.

Nima Yushij introduced western literary modernism in Persian poetry which in turn influenced many individual writers as well as a number of indigenous movements but could not bring about any significant change in numerous socio-economic problems confronting that society. In that scenario, Iqbal’s poetry remained a powerful social and ideological force that invoked many people to action and brought the message of hope and deliverance from the tyranny of the imperial world order. Iqbal rejects both the Eastern parochialism and western godless worldview. His influence on Persian poetry in this regard has been enormous.

A Brief Overview of Classical Persian Poetry

The millennium long history of Persian poetry (Safa 1342, vol:1, p 168-175) may be divided into following five phases on the basis of differences in themes, style and form:

1. Khorasani Style (Sabk e Khorasani)
2. Iraqi Style (Sabk e Iraqi)
3. Hindi Style (Sabk e Hindi)
4. Bazgasht era (or the “Echo” period known in Persian as Sabk e Bazgasht)
5. Nima's Style or modernist period

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Jawad Hamedani, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Persian
International Islamic University
Islamabad
Pakistan
hamdanijawad@gmail.com

Muhammad Safeer Awan, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of English
International Islamic University
Islamabad
Pakistan
safeer.awan@iiu.edu.pk
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