LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 13:3 March 2013
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.
Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A.

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Association between Bandwidths of Vowel Formants and Age, Gender and Consonant Context in Telugu

Krishna Y., Ph.D. (Sp. & Hg.), CCC-A
Dr. B Rajashekhar, Ph.D.

Introduction

Communication in general can be considered as the process involved in generation, transmission, or reception of messages to oneself or another which is usually mutually understood set of signs. To understand human speech communication, one needs to have knowledge of the speech code and its’ characteristics. The speech code differs based on linguistic rules of the language and organs involved in speech production. The speech code also differs based on the anatomical variation that exists between gender and age groups.

Human speech sounds are produced with the vocal cords vibration in the glottis and then transmitted into the vocal tract. The vibrations determine the fundamental frequency of the sound and the resonances in the vocal tract are known as formants (Pickett, 1996). Each format frequency thus produced has a varying bandwidth depending upon the spread of energy which is dependent on the oral structures, dampening of energy and place of articulation.

Vowels

Acoustically, vowels are characterized by formant pattern, spectrum, duration, bandwidth, amplitude and fundamental frequency. Among these, it is believed that, formant pattern, duration and fundamental frequency play a major role in the vowel perception (Pickett, 1980). Formant bandwidth is the difference in frequency between the points on either side of the peak which have amplitude that corresponds to 3 dB down from the peak.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Krishna. Y. Ph.D. (Sp. & Hg.), CCC-A
Professor
Department of Speech & Hearing
Manipal College of Allied Health Sciences
Manipal University
Manipal – 576 104
Karnataka
India
krishna.y@manipal.edu

B. Rajasekhar, Ph.D.
Dean and Professor
Manipal College of Allied Health Sciences
Manipal University
Manipal – 576 104
Karnataka
India
b.raja@manipal.edu
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