LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 13:5 May 2013
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.
Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A.

HOME PAGE

Click Here for Back Issues of Language in India - From 2001

BOOKS FOR YOU TO READ AND DOWNLOAD FREE!

REFERENCE MATERIAL

BACK ISSUES

  • E-mail your articles and book-length reports in Microsoft Word to languageinindiaUSA@gmail.com.

  • PLEASE READ THE GUIDELINES GIVEN IN HOME PAGE IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE LIST OF CONTENTS.

  • Your articles and book-length reports should be written following the APA, MLA, LSA, or IJDL Stylesheet.

  • The Editorial Board has the right to accept, reject, or suggest modifications to the articles submitted for publication, and to make suitable stylistic adjustments. High quality, academic integrity, ethics and morals are expected from the authors and discussants.

Copyright © 2012
M. S. Thirumalai
Custom Search

Is Manipuri an Endangered Language?

Dr. Soibam Rebika Devi, Ph.D. (Linguistics), M.A. (Linguistics),
M.A. (Translation Studies), M.Sc. (Life Sciences), Diploma in Tamil

Introduction

Languages that are at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die out or transfer speaking another language are called endangered languages. If there are no native speakers, language loss occurs and becomes a dead language. If eventually no one speaks the language, it becomes an extinct language (Crystal, 2009). Many languages are currently disappearing fast owing to the processes of globalization and neo-colonialism, where the economically powerful languages dominate other languages (UNESCO's Atlas, 2009).

Endangered Status

A language is considered endangered when children of that language no longer learn it and finally they lose their language. However, there are nine criteria that decide the quantum of endangerment suggested by UNESCO. They are:

1. Absolute number of speakers
2. Intergenerational language transmission
3. Proportion of speakers within the total population
4. Community members’ attitudes toward their own language
5. Availability of materials for language education and literacy
6. Shifts in domains of language use
7. Response to new domains and media
8. Type and quality of documentation
9. Governmental and institutional language attitudes and policies, including official status and Use

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Dr. Soibam Rebika Devi, Ph.D. (Linguistics), M.A. (Linguistics),
M.A. (Translation Studies), M.Sc. (Life Sciences), Diploma in Tamil
Resource Person
National Translation Mission
Central Institute of Indian languages
Mysore 570 006
Karnataka
India
rebika_srd@rediffmail.com
Custom Search
  • Click Here to Go to Creative Writing Section

  • Send your articles
    as an attachment
    to your e-mail to
    languageinindiaUSA@gmail.com.
  • Please ensure that your name, academic degrees, institutional affiliation and institutional address, and your e-mail address are all given in the first page of your article. Also include a declaration that your article or work submitted for publication in LANGUAGE IN INDIA is an original work by you and that you have duly acknowledged the work or works of others you used in writing your articles, etc. Remember that by maintaining academic integrity we not only do the right thing but also help the growth, development and recognition of Indian/South Asian scholarship.