LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 12 : 11 November 2012
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.
Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A.

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M. S. Thirumalai
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The Economic and Environmental Impact of Shrimp Farming in
Nagapattinam District, Tamilnadu

D. Sivakumar, M.A., M.Phil. and
S. Vijayan, Ph.D.

Introduction

The trade policies of tariff reduction and export promotion coupled with the surging global demand and rising unit values of marine products boosted marine product trade particularly shrimp exports from India since the initiation of economic reforms in 1991. The frozen shrimps alone account for 42 percent of marine product exports by value, and in 2009-10 the sector earned foreign exchange of Rs 4,182 crore (US $ 0.88 billion). Shrimp is cultivated in an area of 200,000 hectares largely in the states of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala, Orissa, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu and exported in diversified forms to Japan, USA, Europe and elsewhere. Shrimp production grew steadily during the period 2000-2001 to 2008-2010 with scientifically managed shrimp farming expanding in acreage by 8.7 percent per year and in production by 8.4 percent per year (Kumar et al, 2011).

The short-term financial returns from shrimp farming are high but intensive method of shrimp farming has an environmental impact that extends beyond the immediate farming zone. The use of sea water along with fresh water for shrimp culture can cause salinisation of land and groundwater and affect the productivity of agricultural crops and quality of groundwater. Legislations to reduce the adverse impact of shrimp farming exist in India but only rarely has it been enforced. Of current concern to many environmentalists is the Aquaculture Authority Bill which is designed to regulate coastal aquaculture activities. If approved, the bill will give legal status to the industry and promote large-scale growth of shrimp farming in India.

The short-term financial returns from shrimp farming are high but intensive method of shrimp farming has an environmental impact that extends beyond the immediate farming zone. The use of sea water along with fresh water for shrimp culture can cause salinisation of land and groundwater and affect the productivity of agricultural crops and quality of groundwater. Legislations to reduce the adverse impact of shrimp farming exist in India but only rarely has it been enforced. Of current concern to many environmentalists is the Aquaculture Authority Bill which is designed to regulate coastal aquaculture activities. If approved, the bill will give legal status to the industry and promote large-scale growth of shrimp farming in India.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

D. Sivakumar, M.A., M.Phil.
Assistant Professor of Economics
Department of Economics – DDE
Annamalai University
Annamalai Nagar
Chidambaram 608002
Tamilnadu
India
sivaecoau@gmail.com

S. Vijayan, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Economics
Department of Economics – DDE
Annamalai University
Annamalai Nagar
Chidambaram 608002
Tamilnadu
India

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