LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 11 : 3 March 2011
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.

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Census and the Aspects of Growth and Development of
Bangla vs. Bangla-Hindi Bilingualism -
With Special Focus on West Bengal

Atanu Saha, M.A.

Abstract This paper investigates the growth and development of Bangla-Hindi Bilingualism based on the Census of India data from 1931 to 2001.The investigation is carried out in the following manner: First of all the census data from 1931 Census was collected and the total number of Bangla speakers and Hindi speaking population (comprising the second largest population in West Bengal) was compared. The status of both Bangla as a first and second language and data for Bilingualism of Bangla English or Bangla-Hindi were collected as per the availability. The observations were then tallied with the data given in the People of India Project. The analysis reveals several pertinent information which may be used to make appropriate language policies in the state and other parts of the country.

Introduction

India is a multilingual Nation. In many places, both rural and urban, there are well settled people groups, domiciled for centuries, which use a variety of different languages for intergroup communication. There are also recent migrants from other parts of India for purposes of education, employment, etc. Thus there is bilingualism or multilingualism everywhere. In the British colonial period people of Bengal developed a Bangla-English Bilingualism predominantly. After independence it was Hindi-Bangla Bilingualism that started to emerge as the dominant form of bilingualism in this state. There is an increase in the number of mother tongue speakers of Bangla as biological growth. Increase in the number of Hindi Speakers is generally ascribed to factors like migration, inter-caste and inter-language marriage, employment and education Without presuming anything I have tried to investigate the following.

1. During British Period

i. Status of Bangla
ii. Status of Bangla-English Bilingualism

2. Post Independence

i. Bangla-Hindi Bilingualism
ii. Different Communities Living in Bengal
iii. Male vs. Female Bilingualism
iv. Rural vs. Urban Bilingualism

I have tried to investigate the topic in the following manner:

A. Take census data from 1931 onwards and see the total number of Bangla speakers and Hindi speaking population (comprising the second largest population in West Bengal).

i. Both Bangla as a first and second language.
ii. Data for Bilingualism of Bangla English or Bangla-Hindi wherever available.

B. Take the People of India Project figures and tally them with the Census data

C. Final Analysis and Fact Findings

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Balbir Madhopuri's Changiya Rukh - A Critique of Dalit Identity and Politics | Multiple Nested Triglossic Situation in Pakistan | Problems Encountered by Arab EFL Learners | Language and Nomenclature Imbroglio among the Kukis | Indigenous Language Abandonment in the Religious Domain in Murree - A Family Report Analysis | A Comparative Study of New Woman through the Female Protagonists of Kamala Markandaya and Shashi Deshpande | A Look into the Causes of Language Choice among Female Students in Academic Setting in Pakistan | Census and the Aspects of Growth and Development of Bangla vs. Bangla-Hindi Bilingualism -With Special Focus on West Bengal | Joshi's The Foreigner - Within and Without | To Investigate the Sense of Teacher Efficacy between Male and Female Teachers of Secondary Schools of Wah Cantt. | Comparative Study of Cost Effectiveness of Formal and Non-Formal System of Primary Teacher Certificate Programme in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) | Sudha Murty's Short Stories as a Motif of Values | Standard English as a 'Fiat Code' and the Dwindling Faith behind It | Effect of the Use of Motivational Techniques on the Academic Achievement of the Teachers at the Higher Education Level in Pakistan | A Critical Analysis of the Function of Mass Media Language as a Tool of Social Oppression | The Use of Films in the Teaching of English in India | A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Concept Attainment Model and Advance Organizer Model in Teaching of English in Teacher Education Course | The Effect of Cooperative Learning on Academic Achievement of Low Achievers in English | Imagining a Borderless World: A Comparative Study of Rabindranath Tagore and Swami Vivekananda | Teaching English in Schools: Problems and Solutions - A Case Study from Rajasthan, India | Socio-cultural Patterns of the Tamil Brahmin Community in the Novels of R. K. Narayan | Effects of Multimedia Glosses on Aiding Vocabulary Acquisition in EFL Environment | English Language Teaching in Rural India - Issues and Suggestions | Teaching Paragraph Writing - "Bilingual" Newspapers as Tools | A Study of Teachers' Academic Qualification, Morale and Their Teaching Behaviour | Syllable Onset Clusters and Phonotactics in Pahari | Literary Criticism as a Shared Set of Measurement | Ted Hughes's Poetry - The Problem of the Evil of Self-Consciousness | Travelogue as a Literary Genre | Bim's Unfailing Strength in Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day | Impact of Education on Development of Self-Concept in Adults | An Analysis of the Lack of Primary English Language Skills among the Technical Students of Hindi Speaking States | Emergent Literacy Experiences in the Classroom - A Sample Survey in Mysore City | ICT Enabled Language Learning Using Handphones - An Experimental Study | Creative Writing in Language Classes | Business Communication: Techniques and Methods by Om P. Juneja and Aarti Mujumdar (Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan, 2010) | Word Formation in Surjapuri | Beatrice Culleton and Her April Rain Tree - Identity Crisis of the People of Mixed Races of Colonization | A PRINT VERSION OF ALL THE PAPERS OF MARCH, 2011 ISSUE IN BOOK FORMAT. This document is better viewed if you open it online and then save it in your computer. After saving it in your computer, you can easily read all the pages from the saved document.

Call for Papers for a Language in India www.languageinindia.com Special Volume on Autobiography and Biography in Indian Writing in English | Call for Papers for a Special Volume on Indian Writing in English - Analysis of Select Novels of 2009-2010 | HOME PAGE of March 2011 Issue | HOME PAGE of Language in India | CONTACT EDITOR languageinindiaUSA@gmail.com

Atanu Saha, M.A. (Linguistics)
Center for Linguistics
Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi 110067
India
atanu.jnu@gmail.com

 
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