LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 16:12 December 2016
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.
         C. Subburaman, Ph.D. (Economics)
         N. Nadaraja Pillai, Ph.D.
         Renuga Devi, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A.

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Parafoveal Preview Benefit in Word Recognition in Urdu

Azeez Rizwana, M.Phil. and Prakash Padakannaya, Ph.D.

Abstract

Studies on parafoveal preview benefit suggest that fixations to the word fixated next are shorter in duration. The parafoveal preview enables a reader to access length, orthographic, phonological and morphological information of the word next to the fixation. However, preview benefit depends on the linguistic and orthographic features of a language. Studies in English suggest orthographic and/or phonological codes are accessed in parafoveal preview in that language while morphological codes are accessed in Hebrew. The present study investigates parafoveal preview benefit in Urdu, one of the lesser studied languages. We examined if presentation of borrowed tri-consonantal root that forms the major part of Arabic loan words in Urdu in the parafoveal region facilitates word recognition when the target words are base words, root words with inflections and root-derivative words. The results showed that mean response time differed significantly between base word condition and root inflectional word as well as root derivative word conditions.

Keywords: Parafoveal preview benefit, Tri-consonantal root, Urdu, Word recognition, Derivational morphology.

1. Introduction

Word identification often starts before the eyes fixate on a target word as readers get information from the parafovea (Rayner, 1998). When the information is extracted from the parafovea there is partial activation of lexicon and this activation is integrated with subsequent activation from the foveal word (Rayner, McConkie, & Zola, 1980. Parafoveal preview benefit is derived from abstract letter codes (McConkie, & Zola, 1979; Rayner, McConkie, & Zola, 1989), orthographic codes from the beginning letters of a word (Inhoff, 1989; Rayner, Well, Pollatsek, & Bertera, 1982), phonological codes (Henderson, Dixon, Peterson, Twilley, & Ferreira, 1995; Pollatsek, Lesch, Morris, & Rayner, 1992). However, while studies in English showed no morphological preview benefit (Inhoff, 1989; Lima, 1987; Kambe, 2002) robust preview benefit was observed in Hebrew (Deutsch, Frost, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 2000; Deutsch, Frost, Peleg, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 2002).

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Azeez Rizwana, M.Phil.
azeez.vf@gmail.com

Prakash Padakannaya, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
University of Mysore
Mysuru 570006
Karnataka
India
Prakashp99@gmail.com
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