LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 17:1 January 2017
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.
         C. Subburaman, Ph.D. (Economics)
         N. Nadaraja Pillai, Ph.D.
         Renuga Devi, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A.

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Phonological Processes in Hindi Speaking Typically Developing Children Across Rural and Urban Areas

Ramandeep Kaur, MASLP
Manish Anand, BASLP
T. A. Subbarao, Ph.D.

Abstract

Language refers to a rule based system of symbolic communication involving a set of small unit (syllables or words) that can be combined to yield an infinite number of larger language forms. As the literature review suggests, there are three structures of phonological processes in Hindi speaking children. All these studies have been done in Urban children as subjects. Despite of this, limited amount of research studies focus on children residing in these rural areas of India. The knowledge of phonological development has a great significance in the clinical population to determine whether a child is phonologically disordered and needs intervention. The objective of the study is to describe the percentage and types of phonological processes exhibited by 3-4 year old, Hindi speaking typically developing Urban and Rural children. The results revealed that the mean percentage of correct responses was higher in the Urban children. Children of both the groups demonstrated a wide array of phonological processes. The higher percentage of Phonological Processes in Rural children when compared to those in Urban children could be attributed to the limited educational facilities and lack of parental attention given to a rural child’s utterances. It was also noted during the study that people living in urban India have much better living and health conditions than those in rural areas. Rural areas are generally economically very poor when compared to urban areas, especially in India, and the amount of attention and care given to children is very limited.

Keywords: Phonological processes, urban children, rural children, language

Introduction

Language refers to a rule based system of symbolic communication involving a set of small unit (syllables or words) that can be combined to yield an infinite number of larger language forms (Hoff & Naigles, 2002). Phonology refers to the speech sound systems of a language. It involves the study of classification and organization of speech sounds in a language (Vihman, 1996). Phonology encompasses all aspects of the sound system including the speech production and perception. Phonological structure has two components, a limited repertoire of sounds (phonemes) representing various classes (based on physiological and acoustic characteristics) and a set of phonotactic rules defining how these phonemes can be arranged into syllables (Hodson & Paden, 1991). Moreover, the term ‘Articulation’ refers to the actual movements of the articulators during speech production.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Ramandeep Kaur, MASLP
Speranza, Bendorewell
Mangalore-575002
Karnataka
India
minikr17@gmail.com

Manish Anand, BASLP
Speranza, Bendorewell
Mangalore-575002
Karnataka
India
manishanand267@gmail.com

Dr. T. A. Subbarao, Ph.D.
Director
Dr. M. V. Shetty College of Speech and Hearing
Malady Court, Kavoor
Mangalore-575015
Karnataka
India
subbaraota@yahoo.com
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