LANGUAGE IN INDIA

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Volume 15:3 March 2015
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.
         C. Subburaman, Ph.D. (Economics)
         N. Nadaraja Pillai, Ph.D.
Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A.

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Different Types of Priming on Picture Naming in
Preschool Children Learning Phonics

Pawan S., Dashika G.M., & Satish K.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to compare the lexical, phonemic and syllabic priming on picture naming in pre-schoolers who were exposed to phonemic teaching method with those exposed to alphabetical teaching method and the obtained data was statistically analysed using paired sample t test to compare the mean reaction times for naming with different types of priming. Responses from within the group and across the groups were compared using independent sample t test. The mean reaction times for naming in lexical priming, syllabic priming and phonemic priming were 1.267sec, 1.47sec and 1.41sec with a mean error of 7.1, 4.2 and 9.3 in alphabet teaching group respectively, whereas for phonemic teaching group the mean reaction time taken to name the picture for lexical priming, syllabic priming and phonemic priming were 1.24sec, 1.33sec and 1.38sec with a mean error of 5, 5.1 and 7.2 respectively. Even though the phonemic teaching group performed better, there was no significant difference between the groups for reaction times of naming with syllabic, phonemic or lexical priming and number of errors according to the results of independent sample t test.

Key words: lexical, phonemic and syllabic priming, picture naming, pre-schoolers, comparison between priming types

Introduction

Priming refers to a change in the ability to identify or produce an object or word as a result of a specific prior encounter with the item (Tulving & Schacter, 1990; Jacoby, Toth, & Yonelinas, 1993). It has long been established that reaction times are decreased in response to words preceded by semantically related words in comparison with words preceded by semantically unrelated words, which is referred to as semantic priming effect (Lupkar, 1984; Neely, 1991). Ganesh and Rao (2010) studied the influence of semantic priming on reaction time measures in typically developing children and the results of that study revealed that target words were retrieved faster in lexical priming conditions rather than no prime conditions for a picture naming task.

Use of Priming Methods

Priming methods have been successfully used to evaluate wide-ranging aspects of semantic and lexical processing in adults as well as children (Bowles & Poon, 1985; Moss, McCormick, & Tyler, 1997; Nation & Snowling, 1999). Research examining priming effects in the lexical decision task has primarily been concerned with items that are semantically associated. Several studies (Jakimik, Cole, & Rudnicky, 1985; Meyer, Schvaneveldt, & Ruddy, 1974), suggesting that priming in lexical decision encompasses more than semantic associations between items. Meyer.,Schvaneveldt.,&Ruddy (1974) and Hillinger (1980) found facilitation to make a visual lexical decision when words were phonemically similar. Several empirical observations have been reported favoring the hypothesis that syllables correspond to processing units in visual word recognition (Perea & Carreiras, 1998; Prinzmetal, Treiman, & Rho, 1986). Interestingly, the absence of any such syllabic priming effect in the lexical decision task also suggested that syllable unit activation is essentially related to phonological activation.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Pawan Shivakumaraswamy (Corresponding author)
Post-graduate student
Dr. M. V. Shetty College of Speech and Hearing
Malady Court, Kavoor
Mangalore 575015
Karnataka
India
pawansmys@gmail.com

Dashika G.M. Dr. M. V. Shetty College of Speech and Hearing
Malady Court, Kavoor
Mangalore 575015
Karnataka
India
dashika08@gmail.com

Satish K. Dr. M. V. Shetty College of Speech and Hearing
Malady Court, Kavoor
Mangalore 575015
Karnataka
India
sat8378@yahoo.com
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