LANGUAGE IN INDIA

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Volume 20:2 February 2020
ISSN 1930-2940

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         B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
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         Pammi Pavan Kumar, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Managing Editor & Publisher: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.

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Kashmiri and Bhaderwahi: A Phonological Comparison

Hilal Ahmad Dar, Ph. D Scholar and Zargar Adil Ahmad, Ph.D. Scholar

Abstract

The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir is divided into two regions, Kashmir and Jammu. The division makes it the region of diverse ethnicities which vary on the basis of language and culture. These differences make it a divergent region both linguistically and culturally and provides a great scope for researchers to know about linguistic and cultural variations. The present paper aims to study one of the linguistic aspects, that is, phonological comparison of two different languages, Kashmiri and Bhaderwahi. In this paper the researchers have provided the phonological description of both languages and attempted to find the similarities and differences in the sound system of both languages.

Keywords: Kashmiri, Bhaderwahi, Linguistic divergence, Comparative study, Phonology, Vowels and Consonants, Phonological comparison

1. Introduction
1.1 Kashmiri Language

Kashmiri language belongs to Dardic sub-group of Indo-Aryan languages. It is locally called as Koshur. The Kashmir language is mostly written in Perso-Arabic and Devanagri scripts. Earlier it was written in Sharda Script. The Kashmiri language is primarily spoken in Kashmir valley and some areas of Chenab valley of Jammu and Kashmir. The variety of Kashmir language spoken in and around Srinagar city is considered as the standard variety. Kashmir language has a rich folk literature and is used in Mass media and education institutions. Kashmiri language has two regional dialects, Poguli and Kishtawari. It has also three regional varieties that are Maraz (Spoken in southern and south eastern region), Kamraz (Spoken in Northern and North-western regions) and Yamraz (Spoken in central part of the valley). These three variations are quite homogeneous and mutually intelligible. Kashmiri language has the influence of Persian and Sanskrit languages. Linguistically, Kashmiri language holds a peculiar position as it has some features showing Dardic characteristics and other features are similar to other Indo-Aryan Languages.

1.2. Bhaderwahi Language

Bhaderwahi language belongs to Pahari group of Indo-Aryan languages. It is primarily spoken in the Bhaderwah Tehsil of Doda District in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Doda district has a mixed culture due to its connectivity with Jammu, Kashmir Valley, Himachal Pradesh, and Ladakh. Bhaderwah is a multilingual area with Bhaderwahi being the main language of people. The other languages spoken in Bahderwah area are Kashmiri, Gaddi, Dogri etc. G.A. Grierson (1919) has classified Bhaderwahi as Pahari language that belongs to Indo-Aryan language family. “The word "Pahari" applies to the group of languages spoken in the Sub-Himalayan hills extending from Bhaderwah, north of the Panjab, to the eastern parts of Nepal. To its north and east, various Himalayan Tibeto-Burman languages are spoken. To its west, there are Aryan languages connected with Kashmiri and western Panjabi, and to its south, it has Aryan languages of the Panjab.” (Grierson 1919: IX:IV:2). Bhaderwahi has many common linguistic features with the other dialects of western Pahari group of Jammu region as well as outside it.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Hilal Ahmad Dar, Ph.D. Scholar
Department of Linguistics, University of Kashmir
Srinagar, J&K-190006
vhilal32@gmail.com
Mobile: +91-9622616016

Zargar Adil Ahmad, Ph.D. Scholar
Department of Linguistics, University of Kashmir
Srinagar, J&K-190006
aadil.stoic@gmail.com
Mobile: +91-7780907670
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