LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 17:3 March 2017
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.
         C. Subburaman, Ph.D. (Economics)
         N. Nadaraja Pillai, Ph.D.
         Renuga Devi, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A.

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Pakhtoonwali - Ethical Code of Honor among Pakhtoons

Dr. Humaira Khan
Dr. Syed Iram Bashir

Abstract

This paper aims to study the Pakhtoon culture and tradition through Pakhtoonwali. Pakhtoonwali is the code of ethics among the Pakhtoons. It is essentially the unwritten code controlling, guiding, and balancing the form, character, and discipline of the Pakhtoon way of life, passed from generation to generation. These traditions serve as a major foundation of Pakhtoon culture, norms, values and codes of conduct. The Pakhtoonwali or the Pakhtoon code of honor embraces all the activities from the cradle to the grave. Almost all the customs and cultural values of Pakhtoons revolve round this unwritten code of honor. Pashto society is an honor based society and they believe that a Pakhtoon’s Izzat (honor) lies in adhering the principles of Pakhtoonwali. Thus Pakhtoonwali forms the major foundation of the Pakhtoon social fabric. The data for the study is collected from the Pakhtoon community located in Gutlibagh area of Ganderbal district. This study is based on ethno linguistic approach.

Keywords: Ethno linguistics, Ethical code, Ethno methodology, Pakhtoonwali.

Introduction

Pakhtoons are primarily tribal people and there are over a hundred tribes each with its own name and lineage. They speak a classified language known as Pashto/ Pakhto. They are known as Pathans by non-Pashto people and comprise the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and Pakistan. There are a large number of Pakhtoons living in the state of Jammu & Kashmir who migrated from Afghanistan and Pakistan. The history of migration goes back at least to 1752 A.D. when due to the disintegration of Mughal Empire; Kashmir was passed into the hands of Afghans. During this period Afghans ‘Subahdars’ ruled Kashmir and Afghans groups settled in different parts of the subah especially in present districts of Ganderbal, Anantnag, Baramulla and Budgam.(Lawrence, 1895). Much later it was Maharaja Gulab Singh, the Dogra ruler of Kashmir who offered them employment opportunities, especially for the purpose of guarding the frontiers of kingdom and in return granted them land Jagirs and settled them in colonies of their choice. In fact the Pakhtoon community is scattered all over Jammu and Kashmir. Pakhtoons also used to come to Kashmir for commercial purposes. This community is believed to have migrated in groups for business purposes and settled in low hilly areas of Kashmir in close proximity with forests wherefrom firewood could be easily had for cooking purposes.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Dr.Humaira Khan
khanayeesha2@gmail.com
University of Mysore

Dr.Syed Iram Bashir
syed.ansa@yahoo.com
University of Mysore
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