LANGUAGE IN INDIA

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Volume 17:11 November 2017
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
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Expressive Language and Vocabulary Development of
Tamil Speaking Children with Repaired Cleft Lip and Palate

Savitha Vadakkanthara Hariharan, M.Sc. (Speech & Hearing),
Vaidyanathan Raghunathan, Ph.D. (Linguistics),
N. Sreedevi, Ph.D. (Speech & Hearing) and Padmasani Venkat Ramanan, MD, MRCPH (UK)

Abstract

The aim of the study was to explore the development of expressive language and expressive vocabulary in children with repaired cleft lip and palate at 30 months of age. A case control study design with longitudinal follow up of the subjects from 10 to 12 months of age till 30 months was employed for this purpose. For the purpose of this paper, the data on expressive language measures at 30 months of age have been analysed and reported. Fourteen children with non-syndromic repaired cleft lip and palate (both lip and palate operated before one year of age) and seven typically developing children along with their mothers participated in this study. All the children aged around 30 months had normal hearing sensitivity (pure tone average below 20dBHL) and intellectual development (based on Developmental Screening Test, Bharatraj, 1983). Size of expressive vocabulary was obtained using Tamil translation of MacArthur Bates Communication Inventory (Sethuraman, in progress). The expressive language age was obtained using the 3-Dimensional Language Acquisition Test (Herlekar & Karanth, 1995). Both the measures were compared between the two groups. Mann-Whitney test revealed significant differences between the two groups of children on expressive language age (p=0.000), with children with cleft showing lower scores than typically developing children. Though expressive language age differed significantly between the two groups, no significant differences were obtained in the size of expressive vocabulary (p=0.412). Children with repaired cleft lip and palate have deficits in development of expressive language. However, their vocabulary development appears to be in par with that of typically developing children.

Keywords: Expressive language age, expressive vocabulary, repaired cleft lip and palate

Introduction

The development of language in children is facilitated by a variety of innate characteristics and environmental factors (Chomsky, 1957; Skinner, 1957). Any deviations in the biological foundations or major deprivations in the environment could result in compromised development of language (Mogford & Bishop, 1993). One such condition is cleft lip and palate, a congenital problem that occurs due to lack of fusion of the embryonic processes during the first trimester. According to the Health Ministry of India, cleft lip and palate occurs approximately in 1.4 per 1000 live births (Azad, 2010).The anatomical and physiological deviations in cleft lip and palate present right from birth have a significant effect on the development of speech and language skills (Atkinson & Howard, 2011; Peterson-Falzone, Hardin-Jones, & Karnell, 2010; McWilliams, Morris, & Shelton, 1990).

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Ms. Savitha Vadakkanthara Hariharan, M.Sc. (Speech and Hearing)
Corresponding author
Part-time Research Scholar
Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences
Sri Ramachandra University
Porur, Chennai – 600116
Tamilnadu, India
savithavh@gmail.com

Dr. Vaidyanathan Raghunathan, Ph.D. (Linguistics)
Visiting Professor (Linguistics)
Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences
Sri Ramachandra University
Porur, Chennai 600 116
Tamilnadu, India
raguvai@yahoo.com

Dr. Sreedevi, N., Ph.D. (Speech and Hearing)
Professor and Head
Department of Clinical Services
All India Institute of Speech and Hearing
Mysore 570 006
Karnataka, India
sreedeviaiish@gmail.com

Dr. Padmasani Venkat Ramanan, MD, MRCPCH (UK)
Professor, Department Of Paediatrics
Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai
Tamilnadu, India
padmasani2001@yahoo.com

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