LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 20:3 March 2020
ISSN 1930-2940

Editors:
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         T. Deivasigamani, Ph.D.
         Pammi Pavan Kumar, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Managing Editor & Publisher: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.

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Nietzsche’s Poems and Zarathustra:
Theme of Animal Philosophy

Dr. S. Sridevi

Nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche
Courtesy: en.wikipedia.org

Abstract

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) was a German philosopher and cultural critic who put forth criticisms of traditional European morality and religion, as well as of conventional philosophical ideas and social and political pieties associated with modernity. He exposed false consciousness of people’s received ideas. He along with Marx and Freud are grouped as propagating “hermeneutics of suspicion” against traditional values. Nietzsche was born in Röcken, where his father was a Lutheran minister. Nietzsche had a brilliant school and university career, culminating in May 1869 when he was called to a chair in classical philology at Basel at a young age of 24. He was writing poetry from his school days and this paper aims at studying the themes of Friedrich Nietzsche’s poems and his Zarathustra.

Keywords: Friedrich Nietzsche, Zarathustra, will, animal imagery.

Friedrich Nietzsche was born in 1844 in Germany and died in 1900. He was a classical scholar, philosopher, critic of culture, and became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers from Europe. He examined humanity’s religious belief, ethics, and philosophywhich influenced theologians, philosophers, psychologists, poets, novelists, and playwrights. He saw through concepts of nationalism and anti-Semitism. Nietzsche’s Also SprachZarathustra (Thus Spoke Zarathustra) was published between 1883 and 1885 in four parts, the last of which was a private printing at his own expense. In 1886 he wrote Jenseits von Gut und Böse (Beyond Good and Evil) and in 1887 ZurGenealogie der Moral (On the Genealogy of Morals) was written. Twilight of the Idols appeared in 1889; The Antichrist and Nietzsche contra Wagner were published in 1895. His writings did not get much attention when he was alive (Magnus).

Nietzsche keeps drawing inferences from the world of animals and their world of primitivism to symbolize energy and power. He investigates culture not as a rational element, but as something born out of man’s irrational energy. Margot Norris calls this approach as “bio-centric.” Nietzsche’s concept of life is generally related to willto power and this in turn is related to memory and rationality. Lemm argues “that the notion of the will to power reflects an antagonism between memory and forgetfulness and can be reformulated through this antagonism.” This can build a “relationship between animality and culture.” In the writings of Nietzsche “the animal, the human, and the overhuman are tied to each other and cannot be separated into distinct stages of evolution” (Lemm 1-2).

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Dr. S. Sridevi
Associate Professor of English
CTTE College
Chennai 11
sridevisaral@gmail.com
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