LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 20:11 November 2020
ISSN 1930-2940

Editors:
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         T. Deivasigamani, Ph.D.
         Pammi Pavan Kumar, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Managing Editor & Publisher: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.

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Anton Chekhov’s “The Darling”:
An Exposition of Freudian Unconscious and Jungian Collective Unconscious

Md. Ibrahim Khalil

Abstract

This paper, based on a short story titled “The Darling” written by Anton Chekhov, aims to study the protagonist Olenka Smyonovna’s mind from a psychoanalytic lens. Despite carrying a lifelong secluded and helpless status, Olenka never surrenders to the one way command of life. In fact, she extends her soft and gentle hands to grip someone related or unrelated to blood to be dependent upon wholeheartedly. Both fate and death play a villainous role so successfully that she changes her focus and options one after another. Although Olenka married twice as a part of an intolerant reality, she has failed to determine a perpetual life equation. Therefore, all her conscious desires and dreams have been repressed directly by the unjust force of uncertainty. This paper examines how the story has reflected both Freudian unconscious and Jungian collective unconscious focusing several necessary issues.

Keywords: Dream; Marriage; Death; Loneliness; Repression; Unconscious; Collective Unconscious

Introduction

Psychoanalysis is extensively recognized as an investigation of human mind. Along with the study of Medical Science, it contributed significantly to the literary world including cultural theory, literary criticism and multidimensional interpretation of different textual issues and events. The Austrian physician Sigmund Freud is considered to be the father figure to introduce this revolutionary concept in the late 1890 for the first time.

Ivan Ward and Oscar Zarate gave an extraordinary definition of psychoanalysis which brought all the relevant sectors under the same umbrella, “Psychoanalysis is a theory of the human mind, a therapy for mental distress, an instrument of research, and a profession, a complex intellectual, medical and sociological phenomenon” (3).

But here in this literary investigation, the central concern has been set to deal with one of the major human complexities generally termed and known as mental disorder in terms of decision making process and uncertain choice of life and reality. Terrry Eagleton preferred to concentrate on human connectivity socially and individually, “It is a crisis of human relationships, and of human personality, as well as social convulsion” (131). The terms “Desire” and “Dreams” have different meanings and functions in the field of psychoanalysis.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Md. Ibrahim Khalil
Lecturer
Department of English
Pabna University of Science and Technology
Pabna - 6600, Bangladesh
Ik.10.bd@gmail.com
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