LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 23:4 April 2023
ISSN 1930-2940

Editors:
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         T. Deivasigamani, Ph.D.
         Pammi Pavan Kumar, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Managing Editor & Publisher: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.

Celebrate India!
Unity in Diversity!!

HOME PAGE

Click Here for Back Issues of Language in India - From 2001

Poetic Encounter
Available in https://www.amazon.in/dp/B09TT86S4T

Poems
Naked: the honest browsings of two brown women
Available in https://www.amazon.in

Decrees
Available in https://www.amazon.com

BOOKS FOR YOU TO READ AND DOWNLOAD FREE!

REFERENCE MATERIALS

BACK ISSUES

  • E-mail your articles and book-length reports in Microsoft Word to languageinindiaUSA@gmail.com.

  • PLEASE READ THE GUIDELINES GIVEN IN HOME PAGE IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE LIST OF CONTENTS.

  • Your articles and book-length reports should be written following the APA, MLA, LSA, or IJDL Stylesheet.

  • The Editorial Board has the right to accept, reject, or suggest modifications to the articles submitted for publication, and to make suitable stylistic adjustments. High quality, academic integrity, ethics and morals are expected from the authors and discussants.

Copyright © 2023
M. S. Thirumalai

Publisher: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
11249 Oregon Circle
Bloomington, MN 55438
USA
Custom Search

The Concept of Romanticism: Friedrich von Schlegel, August Wilhelm von Schlegel, and
Heinrich Heine

Dr. S. Sridevi

Abstract

This paper attempts to study how Heinrich Heine redefined romanticism in his seminal treatise “The Romantic School” and aims at bringing into argument how Friedrich von Schlegel and August Wilhelm von Schlegel have exemplified the ideology of Romanticism. These German thinkers responded to Indian thought, religious practices and also delved into deep analyses of Catholicism and the way Christianity influenced European or German thinking. Heine argues that Romanticism is a social response to Christianity’s rigid disciplines of asceticism. Scholars opine that the Schelling brothers also have contributed to the definition of Romanticism and these views are also valid.

Keywords: Romanticism, Heinrich Heine, Friedrich von Schlegel and August Wilhelm von Schlegel

Introduction

All the writers of the nineteenth century have been highly influenced by romanticism. Writers of realism had to grapple with this challenge of poetic writing styles as “a realist artist cannot be satisfied with a direct denial of modern prosaic reality but must find in it itself elements of human initiative worthy of artistic depiction.” Vishnevsky remarks that “delimitation and polemics with romanticism” can be noticed in “Goethe, Schiller, Pushkin” and remarks that there are conflicts between realism and romanticism in the works of “Lermontov, Heine, Balzac, Stendhal and Merimee.” Scholars opine that the nineteenth century realism is seen to be “debunking” the “romantic element inherent” in its writings. “The greatest German revolutionary poet of the 19th century, Heinrich Heine, is also a Romantic in terms of the starting point of his poetic creativity, but his significance goes far beyond Romanticism” as Heine “mercilessly ridicules any Romantic naivete, sentimental philistine utopia.” (Vishnevsky)

Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (1797-1856) was a German poet whose international literary reputation and influence were established by the Buch der Lieder (The Book of Songs 1827), frequently set to music. His two studies of German culture, Die Romantische Schule (“The Romantic School” 1833–35) and Zur Geschichte der Religion und Philosophie in Deutschland (“On the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany” 1834–35) have influenced Europe in a phenomenal manner. He represents the post-Romantic crisis in Germany, dominated by the achievements of Goethe and Schiller. (Jeffrey L. Sammons)

Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829) was a German literary critic whose works have come to be reassessed in the last several years because of the philosophical importance of early German Romanticism which was a counter-movement to German Idealism and as a contributing factor within idealism’s development. (Speight)

August Wilhelm von Schlegel (1767-1845) was a German essayist, translator and poet. He is considered to be one of the founders of the German Romantic Movement. Schlegel had in-depth knowledge of art, history, literature, architecture, anthropology and foreign languages, making him an expert in comparative literature and linguistics. He created the journal Indische Bibliothek and inaugurated the domain of Sanskrit studies in Germany. He is known for his translations of William Shakespeare into German. (Hay)

This paper attempts to study the literary and critical thoughts of these three German writers and thinkers who contributed to nineteenth century critical and creative energies in Germany, France and thus Europe in general.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Dr. S. Sridevi
Principal and Professor
Research Department of English
Chevalier T. Thomas Elizabeth College for Women
Chennai 600011
sridevisaral@gmail.com
Custom Search
  • Click Here to Go to Creative Writing Section

  • Send your articles
    as an attachment
    to your e-mail to
    languageinindiaUSA@gmail.com.
  • Please ensure that your name, academic degrees, institutional affiliation and institutional address, and your e-mail address are all given in the first page of your article. Also include a declaration that your article or work submitted for publication in LANGUAGE IN INDIA is an original work by you and that you have duly acknowledged the work or works of others you used in writing your articles, etc. Remember that by maintaining academic integrity we not only do the right thing but also help the growth, development and recognition of Indian/South Asian scholarship.