LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 25:6 June 2025
ISSN 1930-2940

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         B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
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         Pammi Pavan Kumar, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Managing Co-Editors & Publishers: Selvi M. Bunce, M.A., Ph.D. Candidate and Nathan Mulder Bunce, M.A., Ph.D. Candidate
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Maithili Language Technology: A Survey

Shantanu Kumar, Ph.D. and
Narayan Choudhary, Ph.D.

Abstract

Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and the lower Terai regions of Nepal. While there has been some recent progress in Maithili language technology, the field is still nascent, with limited resources and research, and there is still a long way to go before we have robust and reliable language processing tools. More research and resources are needed to develop tools such as spell-checkers, text-to-speech systems, and machine translation models, which can help unlock the language's full potential in the digital age. This paper presents an effort made to survey the tools, systems, or research available in the field to facilitate language technology systems in Maithili. In this paper, the technological development of Maithili has been classified under certain heads, and the research works completed, along with the ones being undertaken, have been discussed. Different language technology systems, including the corpus creation and development presented for other languages, and their status for Maithili, have been investigated in this paper.

Keywords: Maithili, language technology, Corpus, ASR, TTS, MT, low-resource languages

Introduction

Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and parts of Nepal. While there has been some recent progress in Maithili language technology, the field is still nascent, with limited resources and research.

One of the significant challenges in developing Maithili language technology is the lack of a standardized orthography. The language has been written using a variety of scripts, including Devanagari, Kaithi, and Tirhuta. This lack of standardization makes it difficult to develop tools such as spell-checkers and automated text-to-speech systems. Despite these challenges, some work has been done, discussed in the ensuing sections of the paper, in developing resources for Maithili language processing.

Although some progress has been made in Maithili language technology, there is still a long way to go before we have robust and reliable tools for processing the language. More research and resources are needed to develop tools such as spell-checkers, text-to-speech systems, and machine translation models, which can help to unlock the full potential of the language in the digital age.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Shantanu Kumar, Ph.D.
Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore
shantanuk.ciil@gmail.com
&
Narayan Choudhary, Ph.D.
Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore
nchoudhary.ciil@gmail.com
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