LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 23:3 March 2023
ISSN 1930-2940

Editors:
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         T. Deivasigamani, Ph.D.
         Pammi Pavan Kumar, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Managing Editor & Publisher: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.

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Instructional Design for the New Age:
A Review of ID Principles and Models for Teaching the 21st Century Skills through ICT

K. Nalini and Dr. V. David Arputha Raj

Abstract

Instructional design, as a science, is relatively young with its roots being traced to military training during World War II. Instructional design saw a vibrant phase of development between the 1950’s and 70’s with a lot of brilliant fundamental research in the field, happening during the period. Starting with Programmed Instruction (Skinner, 1954), the most important theories and models that established ID as an applied science like Bloom’s Taxonomy (1956), Gagne’s Events of Instruction (1965) and ADDIE (1974) were founded during this period. With many new ID models being developed in the 1970s, the instructional design process grew very influential in military and industrial training. However, its application in the field of education gained significance only with the advent of computers in the 1980s.

Theories of Cognitive Psychology and Constructivism were applied to ID in 1980s and 1990s. However, it was the integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) that gave ID, a firm foothold in the sphere of education. The internet in 2000 laid the foundation for the digital revolution in teaching and learning that we see today.

The need for integration of ICT in Instructional Design saw development of various new ID models, modification of and alternative approaches to existing models. Besides content and pedagogy, technology became an important conduit of delivery in the new models like TPACK and its spinoffs. However, the research shows that the established models like ADDIE still enjoy the widest application with suitable integration of ICT. The need to customize training and education for the 21st century skills, a collective vision of the global business, educational and governing communities, is likely to see radical changes in the way instruction is designed and delivered in the days to come.

Keywords: Instructional Design, ID Principles, Skills through ICT, TPACK, ADDIE

Introduction

Instructional design originated during World War II, where training had to be standardized and materials needed to be created in large scale along with tests for assessment of abilities. Hundreds of training films and film strips were produced by the United States Army between 1943 and 1945 to train the United States personnel for the war, with more than four million showings during the period.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

K. Nalini, Research Scholar
Centre for Research and Evaluation
Bharathiar University
Coimbatore 641046
nalinytej@gmail.com

Dr. V. David Arputha Raj, Assistant Professor
Department of English
Bharathiar University
Coimbatore 641046
davidarputharaj@buc.edu.in
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