LANGUAGE IN INDIA

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Volume 24:5 May 2024
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Compound Noun Formation in Manipuri and Marwari

Dr Dhanapati Shougrakpam and Rashmika Goswami, PhD Scholar

Abstract

A compound is a word or lexeme that is formed by combining two or more lexemes together. When two or more words are combined together to create a new term or word, than this process of word formation is known as compounding. This research paper aims to examine the word formation process that takes place in Manipuri, and Marwari and how the structures of the words are formed. It involves the study of compound noun structure found in Manipuri and Marwari Compounds. The data are gathered using a series of questionnaires and a semi-structured group interview among the speakers of Manipuri and Marwari community. Compounding is a highly prominent morphological process in Manipuri. Syntactic or morphological analysis simply cannot easily rebuild the identified semantic relation between the components. The original meanings of the components may occasionally be lost during compounding, or an item may be placed in between the constituents to create a potential compound. In other case, if the constituents are inseparable they can be considered to be compounds. Again, in Marwari, the compound nouns are formed by addition of the derivative suffixes like noun, verb or adjectives and they are categorized based on the semantic relationship of the constituent noun. The root word in the compound gives an instance of completeness or totality of the related object. Thus, this paper focus on the various structures formed during compound noun formation in both Manipuri and Marwari language and also highlight the role that takes place in deriving new words from the existing words. The study is an exploration and is not primarily focus on the comparative and contrastive study of compound noun structure; Manipuri belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family and Marwari to the Indo-Aryan.

Keywords: Compound noun, Manipuri and Marwari, connective particles, possessive markers, purposive markers, semantic relationship.

1. Introduction

Languages use a variety of strategies to expand their lexicon by adding new terms. One of these strategies is called compounding. It is the process of combining already existing words in a language to form compound words. Trask in 2007, states that compounding is the process of creating new words only from inside a language, without using resources from other languages. The present paper seeks to shed light on the compound noun structure found in Manipuri and Marwari Compounds. Manipur, a northeastern state of India, is home to the majority of the people with approx. 1.5 million speakers of the Tibeto-Burman language, known as Manipuri.

It also serves as the lingua franca among the 29 distinct ethnic groups of Manipur, whereas Marwari is an Indo-Aryan language with approximately 45–50 million people speaking it in the Marwar region of western Rajasthan, India. Both Manipuri and Marwari are highly productive in the word formation process and the method employed in the study of compound noun formation is the structural analysis approach, which is used in linguistics to denote any method of analyzing language that explicitly considers how linguistic aspects may be best explained in terms of structure and system. Thus, this study aims at classifying the compound noun structure found in Manipuri and Marwari Compounds into various categories and the role that takes place in deriving new words from the existing words. It explores the various processes of compound noun formation and their various forms by examining the relationship between the constituents and the resulting compounds.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Dr. Dhanapati Shougrakpam
Assistant Professor
Department of Linguistics
Central University of Rajasthan
Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
dhanapati@curaj.ac.in

Rashmika Goswami, PhD Scholar
Department of Linguistics
Central University of Rajasthan
Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
2022phdli003@curaj.ac.in
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