LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 24:5 May 2024
ISSN 1930-2940

Editors:
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         T. Deivasigamani, Ph.D.
         Pammi Pavan Kumar, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Managing Editor & Publisher: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.

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Agrammatism in Malayalam-speaking Broca’s Aphasics

Stephy Jacob, Mansoor Varamangalath and
Dr Swapna Sebastian

Agrammatism is usually associated with nonfluent aphasias such as Broca's aphasia or transcortical motor aphasia (1)

Agrammatism is a defect characterized by omission of functor words (e.g., articles, auxiliary verbs) and inflectional affixes, which leads to telegraphic utterances, such as “Go I school tomorrow” (instead of “I will go to school tomorrow”), in which the canonical word order in English is violated and characterized by the omission of articles, prepositions, and inflectional forms.

The agrammatic speech output of Broca's aphasics was explained as a mechanism of “economy of effort” since the speech output of these patients is characterized by slow and effortful speech. The hypothesis is that to minimize articulatory effort, the agrammatic speaker plans very simple and agrammatic sentences or to produce simplified versions of sentences. So only words characterized by high values of stress and saliency (as defined by phonological, emotional, and motivational parameters) reach the threshold for production (2)

Later, Broca's aphasics were considered agrammatic not only in their speech output but also in comprehension of syntax (3,4). This led to difficulty in accepting a unitary account of the “economy of effort” to explain agrammatism. Different hypotheses came up to explain agrammatism, such as the phonological deficit, syntactic deficit, and lexical–semantic deficit. The phonological deficit hypothesis attributes agrammatism to a failure to process unstressed words. According to syntactic deficit theories, agrammatism results from the inability to process various aspects of grammar. The disorder underlying agrammatism affects a “central syntactic processor” responsible for processing function words in comprehension and production. Another theory proposes that agrammatism does not result from a deficit affecting function words but from the inability to map syntactic roles into semantic roles (in comprehension) and vice versa (in production) (2).

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Stephy Jacob
Audiologist and Speech Pathologist
stephyjacob90@gmail.com

Mansoor Varamangalath
Medical Speech Language Pathologist
Tawam Hospital, Alain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
mansoor.karakkad@gmail.com

Corresponding Author
Dr Swapna Sebastian
Professor (Audiology and Speech Pathology)
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore
Tamil Nadu, India-632004
swapnasanthoshchris@gmail.com

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